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Biology study > Biology midterms study > Flashcards

Biology midterms study Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a hypothesize?

A

a possible awnser to a question and is testable

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2
Q

What is a scientific theory

A

A law supported by evidence and other scientists
- always true no matter what

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3
Q

Steps to scientific theory

A

observe, question, research, hypothesize, test, conclude, results

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4
Q

Control group

A

Group that is compared to the experimental group
- unchanged
- not tested

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5
Q

Experimental group

A

Group that is being tested
- differences from controlled group is gathered

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6
Q

Independent variable

A

what is changed by the scientist
- must stay consistent

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7
Q

Dependent variable

A

The “result” change in independent variable depends on the independent variable

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8
Q

Quantitive

A

numbers based and countable data

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9
Q

Qualitative

A

Descriptive and interpretation based

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10
Q

How many variables should be tested at a time in a good experimental?

A

1 variable should be tested at a time (dependent variable) to see effects and results between the original

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11
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fusion- bacteria splits into 2 and are both have genetically identical DNA

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of an atom

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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13
Q

What is the atomic number

A

number of protons

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14
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

number of protons + neutrons

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15
Q

Covalent bonds V/S Ionic bonds

A

covalent bonds are when they share electrons and is the stronger bond
In Ionic bonds the stronger side takes electrons and is the weaker bond

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16
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Water molecules bonds with another h+ atoms of another water molecule because the oxygen is more negative

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17
Q

What does polar mean?

A

water

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

water is attracted to other substances

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

water is attracted to like molecules

20
Q

Surface tension

A

Cohesion at the surface of water

21
Q

Between what numbers are acids

A

0-6

22
Q

What are common acids

A

lemon juice, vinegar, and gastric acid

23
Q

Between what numbers are bases

A

8-14

24
Q

What are common bases

A

Household bleach, sea water, and oven cleaner

25
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of living things

A

Grow and develop
Respond to environment
Reproduce
Maintain homeostasis
Adaption
Consist of 1 or more cells
Organization
Evolution

26
Q

What element makes a compound organic

A

A carbon atom
- having a carbon skeleton

27
Q

What are the Common elements of living things?

A

Sulfur
Phosphorus
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen

28
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

29
Q

Why do we need to eat carbohydrates?

A

Provide the body with glucose to make usable energy

30
Q

Examples of carbohydrates?

A

Sugar: candy, and fruits
Starch: pasta, and bread

31
Q

What is the monomer of Lipids?

A

Fatty acids

32
Q

Why are lipids important?

A

Long term storage
Insulation
And is included in the cell membrane (controls what enters and leaves)

33
Q

Example of lipids

A

Fats, oils, and butter

34
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Solid at room temp
Packed tightly with h+ molecules
No double bonds
Ex: butter

35
Q

What are unsaturated fates

A

Liquid at room temp
Molecules aren’t packed as tightly with h+
Can form double covalent bonds
Ex: oil

36
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

37
Q

Why are proteins important

A

Help cells keep shape
Repairs and builds body tissue

38
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Enzymes and antibodies

39
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

40
Q

What hapends to an enzyme that is denatured?

A

in extreme heat enzymes lose their shape and ability to speed up chemical reactions

41
Q

Endothermic

A

reaction that the system absorbs energy from its surrounding in the form of heat

42
Q

Exothermic

A

reaction that releases energy from the system in a form of heat

43
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotide

44
Q

What is the propose of Nucleic acids?

A

Stores and expresses genetically information

45
Q

RNA v/s DNA

A

RNA is 1 helix with 1 strand and creates proteins
DNA is 2 helix with 2 stands and contains genetic information and orders

46
Q
A

Biology study (10 decks)

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