Mendelian Genetics Vocab Flashcards
Allele
Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
Carrier
Heterozygotes that may transmit their recessive disorder allele to their offspring
Codominance
Both alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
Dominant
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
Epistasis
A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second location
F1 generation
The first filial generation of a hybridization
F2 generation
The second filial generation of a hybridization
Genotype
An organism’s genetic makeup
Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles for a single particular gene
Homozygous
An organism having a pair of identical alleles for a characteristic
Hybridization
The mating, or crossing, of 2 true-breeding varieties
Incomplete Dominance
The phenotypes of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele
Law of Independent Assortment
States each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
Law of Segregation
States that the two alleles for a heritable character during gamete formation end up in different gametes
Multifactorial
Many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype
P Generation
The true breeding parents in hybridization (parental generation)
Pedigree
A family tree describing the interrelationships of parents and children across the generations
Phenotype
An organism’s expressed traits
Pleiotropy
Genes that have multiple phenotypic effects
Polygenic Inheritance
An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character
Punnett Square
A diagrammatic device for predicting allele composition of offspring from a cross between known individuals
Quantitative Characters
A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than an either-or fashion
Recessive
An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote
Self-Pollinate
The pollination of a flower by pollen of the same flower or from another flower on the same plant
Testcross
Breeding an individual with an unknown genotype with an individual with a known genotype in order to observe the results to determine the unknown genotype
True-Breeding
Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
