Mendelian genetics (3) Flashcards
Monoecious
Every diploid adult has both male and female reproductive structures
e.g. corn and peas
Dioecious
Some individuals produce only male gametes, others produce only female gametes
e.g. other plants and most animals
Dioecious
Some individuals produce only male gametes, others produce only female gametes
e.g. other plants and most animals
Turner’s syndrome (XO, monosomy X)
- sex chromosomal disorder
- female suffering minor conditions, usually infertility
Triple-X syndrome (XXX)
- female is largely normal, usually infertile and have reduced mental acuiity
Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY, rarely XXXY)
- male, have low levels of testosterone with some female features, usually sterile
Euchromatin
- stains lightly
- DNA can be transcribed
- active genes
Heterochromatin
- stains densely
- not transcribed
- inactive genes
Female: Two X chromosomes
- twice protein
- one X chromosomes is inactivated
- heterochromatin
- barr body
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
EDA gene, which are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern
Male hemizygotes
No teeth, sparse hair and no sweat glands
Pedigree analysis of X-linked recessive phenotypes:
- Phenotype appears much more often in males than in females
- Male with mutation can pass it only to his daughters
- Daughters who receive one mutant X are heterozygous carriers
- Mutant phenotype can skip a generation if mutation is passed from a male to his daughter and then to her son
what are homoplasmic cells ?
Cells that containly only normal mtDNA
what are heteroplasmic cells ?
cells that have some normal mtDNA (no mutation) AND some are not normal
what are heteroplasmic cells ?
cells that have some normal mtDNA (no mutation) AND some are not normal
