MENDELIAN GENETICS Flashcards
the study of heredity of organisms?
genetics
basic unit of heredity?
gene
1 of two or more alternative forms of a specific gene?
allele
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
the process of how a child receives genetic information from the parent
inheritance
during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. In other words, allele (alternative form of the gene) pairs segregate during the formation of gamete and re-unite randomly during fertilization
law of segregation
a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation. As the individual heredity factors assort independently, different traits get equal opportunity to occur together
law of independent assortment
hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype. The alleles that are suppressed are called the recessive traits while the alleles that determine the trait are known as the dominant traits
law of dominance
the genes an individual has
genotype
the physical appearance of an individual
phenotype
occurs because neither of the two alleles is completely dominant over the other. This results in a phenotype that is a combination of both
incomplete dominance
both the alleles present on a gene are expressed in the phenotype
codominance
occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes.
partial dominance
occurs when a gene produces more then phenotypic effect
pleiotropy
specific chromosome that dictate the sex of certain organisms
sex chromosomes
