MENDELIAN GENETICS Flashcards
It is branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.
GENETICS
What is HEREDITY?
It is a study on how traits are passed on from parents to offspring.
It is an attribute of an organism expressed by a gene or influenced by the environment.
TRAIT
What is GENE?
It is the basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product.
It is the long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism
CHROMOSOMES
What is ALLELE?
It is one alternative form a given gene pair. (R=round shape) (r= wrinkled shape)
It is the organism’s actual genetic code. can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location (RR) (Rr) (rr)
GENOTYPE
What is PHENOTYPE?
It is the expression of the genotype that can be observed. an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type.
It is an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
HOMOZYGOUS
What is HETEROZYGOUS?
It is an organism that has two different alleles.
These are the genes responsible for the expression of the dominant trait (more likely to be inherited).
DOMINANT
What is RECESSIVE?
These are the genes responsible for the expression of the recessive character(less likely to be inherited)
It is an organism that is an offspring of genetically different parents.
HYBRID
The scientific study of Heredity started with the experiments of _________________.
Gregor Johan Mendel
TRUE or FALSE?
Mendel was the first biologist to use Mathematics – to explain his results quantitatively.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE?
Mendel predicted the concept of genes, that genes occur individually. That one gene is present in the gametes.
FALSE - Mendel predicted the concept of genes, that genes occur in pairs. That one gene of each pair is present in the gametes
Name the 3 laws of Mendelian Principles of Genetics
LAW OF SEGREGATION
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
LAW OF DOMINANCE
What is this law?
“ Two alleles for each gene are placed in different gametes”
LAW OF SEGREGATION
What is this law?
“The inheritance of one gene doesn’t affect the inheritance of any other gene”
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
What is this law?
““ When two different alleles are present, only one is dominant and will be expressed’
LAW OF DOMINANCE
What is MONOHYBRID CROSS?
- Parents differ by a single trait.
- Crossing two pea plants that differ in stem size, one tall one short
It is a useful tool to do genetic crosses. For a monohybrid cross, you need a square divided by four. Looks like a window pane. We use this to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
PUNNET SQUARE
What is the DIHYBRID CROSS?
- Matings that involve parents that differ in two genes (two independent traits)
