MENDELIAN GENETICS

Question 1

It is branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.

Answer 1

GENETICS

Question 2

What is HEREDITY?

Answer 2

It is a study on how traits are passed on from parents to offspring.

Question 3

It is an attribute of an organism expressed by a gene or influenced by the environment.

Answer 3

TRAIT

Question 4

What is GENE?

Answer 4

It is the basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product.

Question 5

It is the long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

Answer 5

CHROMOSOMES

Question 6

What is ALLELE?

Answer 6

It is one alternative form a given gene pair. (R=round shape) (r= wrinkled shape)

Question 7

It is the organism’s actual genetic code. can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location (RR) (Rr) (rr)

Answer 7

GENOTYPE

Question 8

What is PHENOTYPE?

Answer 8

It is the expression of the genotype that can be observed. an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type.

Question 9

It is an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 9

HOMOZYGOUS

Question 10

What is HETEROZYGOUS?

Answer 10

It is an organism that has two different alleles.

Question 11

These are the genes responsible for the expression of the dominant trait (more likely to be inherited).

Answer 11

DOMINANT

Question 12

What is RECESSIVE?

Answer 12

These are the genes responsible for the expression of the recessive character(less likely to be inherited)

Question 13

It is an organism that is an offspring of genetically different parents.

Answer 13

HYBRID

Question 14

The scientific study of Heredity started with the experiments of _________________.

Answer 14

Gregor Johan Mendel

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE?

Mendel was the first biologist to use Mathematics – to explain his results quantitatively.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

TRUE or FALSE?

Mendel predicted the concept of genes, that genes occur individually. That one gene is present in the gametes.

Answer 16

FALSE - Mendel predicted the concept of genes, that genes occur in pairs. That one gene of each pair is present in the gametes

Question 17

Name the 3 laws of Mendelian Principles of Genetics

Answer 17

LAW OF SEGREGATION
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
LAW OF DOMINANCE

Question 18

What is this law?

“ Two alleles for each gene are placed in different gametes”

Answer 18

LAW OF SEGREGATION

Question 19

What is this law?

“The inheritance of one gene doesn’t affect the inheritance of any other gene”

Answer 19

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

Question 20

What is this law?

““ When two different alleles are present, only one is dominant and will be expressed’

Answer 20

LAW OF DOMINANCE

Question 21

What is MONOHYBRID CROSS?

Answer 21

• Parents differ by a single trait.
• Crossing two pea plants that differ in stem size, one tall one short

Question 22

It is a useful tool to do genetic crosses. For a monohybrid cross, you need a square divided by four. Looks like a window pane. We use this to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

Answer 22

PUNNET SQUARE

Question 23

What is the DIHYBRID CROSS?

Answer 23

• Matings that involve parents that differ in two genes (two independent traits)