CELL DIVISION Flashcards
It is a type of Cell Division that produces 2 genetically nuclei to the parent cell
MITOSIS
It has 2 complete sets of chromosomes
DIPLOID
Where does MITOSIS occur?
In SOMATIC CELLS (such as skins, bones, and other parts of the body)
Where does MITOSIS doesn’t occur?
SEX CELLS (sperm and egg cells)
What are the PHASES OF MITOSIS?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is Prophase?
The chromosomes appear condensed and the nuclear envelope is not apparent.
The cell structures of PROPHASE: Give their events
a. Nuclei
b. Chromatin Fibers
c. Duplicated Chromosomes
d. Spindle Fibers
e. Centrioles
The cell structures of PROPHASE: Their events
a. Disappear
b. Becomes more tightly coiled
c. appears as 2 identical sister chromatids
d. form
e. move away from each other
It is the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
Metaphase
The cell structure of METAPHASE: Give their events
a. Duplicated chromosomes
b. Spindle fibers
c. Centrioles
d. Centromere
The cell structures of METAPHASE: Their events
a. Gather at the metaphase plate
b. abundant
c. opposite poles of the cell
d. face opposite poles
What is ANAPHASE?
Chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell.
The cell structure of ANAPHASE: Give their events
a. Centromeres
b. Chromatids
The cell structure of ANAPHASE: Their events
a. Separates(beginning)
b. Becomes full pledge chromosomes Begin to move along microtubules in opposite direction
The chromosomes are at the poles and are becoming more difuse. The nuclear envelope is reforming. the cytoplasm may be dividing.
TELOPHASE
The cell structure of TELOPHASE: Give their events
a. Nucleoli
b. Chromatin fibers
c. nuclei
d. Nuclear envelope
The cell structure of TELOPHASE: their events
a. reappears
b. uncoils
c. daughter start to form at 2 poles
d. are formed
Karyokinesis
which is the process where in 1 nucleus divide into 2 nuclei
Division of Cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
Why is MITOSIS important?
a. Growth of organisms (production of new cells)
b. Repair of worn out parts (healing of wounds)
c. Asexual reproduction (offsprings are clones of their parent)
What is MEIOSIS?
A type of cell division in which reproductive cells called gametes are formed
What are the phases of MEIOSIS?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I & Cytokinesis
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
The chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Crossing-over occurs.
Prophase I - MEIOSIS
Pairs of homologous chromosomes moves to the equator of the cell.
Metaphase I - MEIOSIS
Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase I - MEIOSIS
Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells. The cytoplasm divides.
Telophase I & Cytokinesis - MEIOSIS
Chromosomes condense. The new spindle begins to form between the centrioles. The nuclear membrane is broken.
Prophase II - MEIOSIS
The pairs of chromosomes hook to the achromatic spindle and line up in the center of the cell (metaphase plate)
Metaphase II - MEIOSIS
The chromatids travel to opposite poles of the Cell. In this case the chromatids are not identical.
Anaphase II - MEIOSIS
Chromosomes are grouped at the poles of the cell. Cytokinesis takes place.
Telophase II - MEIOSIS
Why is meiosis important?
a. ensures that the chromosome number of organisms stays constant generation after generation.
b. ensures that the chromosomes are distributed to the daughter cells in various combinations, bringing about tremendous variations in the characteristics of organism.
SPERMATOGENESIS
production of sperm by the process of meiosis. It takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. the entire process takes about two months.
production of egg cells or ova by the process of meiosis. It takes place in the outer region (cortex) of the ovaries. Inside the ovaries are clusters of diploid stem cells called _________ , which are surrounded by flat cells called follicle cless. Production of oogenia begins during the prenatal stage in the development of a human female.
OOGENESIS
