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Science > CELL DIVISION > Flashcards

CELL DIVISION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is a type of Cell Division that produces 2 genetically nuclei to the parent cell

A

MITOSIS

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2
Q

It has 2 complete sets of chromosomes

A

DIPLOID

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3
Q

Where does MITOSIS occur?

A

In SOMATIC CELLS (such as skins, bones, and other parts of the body)

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4
Q

Where does MITOSIS doesn’t occur?

A

SEX CELLS (sperm and egg cells)

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5
Q

What are the PHASES OF MITOSIS?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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6
Q

What is Prophase?

A

The chromosomes appear condensed and the nuclear envelope is not apparent.

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7
Q

The cell structures of PROPHASE: Give their events

a. Nuclei
b. Chromatin Fibers
c. Duplicated Chromosomes
d. Spindle Fibers
e. Centrioles

A

The cell structures of PROPHASE: Their events

a. Disappear
b. Becomes more tightly coiled
c. appears as 2 identical sister chromatids
d. form
e. move away from each other

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8
Q

It is the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

A

Metaphase

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9
Q

The cell structure of METAPHASE: Give their events

a. Duplicated chromosomes
b. Spindle fibers
c. Centrioles
d. Centromere

A

The cell structures of METAPHASE: Their events

a. Gather at the metaphase plate
b. abundant
c. opposite poles of the cell
d. face opposite poles

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10
Q

What is ANAPHASE?

A

Chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell.

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11
Q

The cell structure of ANAPHASE: Give their events

a. Centromeres
b. Chromatids

A

The cell structure of ANAPHASE: Their events

a. Separates(beginning)
b. Becomes full pledge chromosomes Begin to move along microtubules in opposite direction

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12
Q

The chromosomes are at the poles and are becoming more difuse. The nuclear envelope is reforming. the cytoplasm may be dividing.

A

TELOPHASE

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13
Q

The cell structure of TELOPHASE: Give their events

a. Nucleoli
b. Chromatin fibers
c. nuclei
d. Nuclear envelope

A

The cell structure of TELOPHASE: their events

a. reappears
b. uncoils
c. daughter start to form at 2 poles
d. are formed

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14
Q

Karyokinesis

A

which is the process where in 1 nucleus divide into 2 nuclei

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15
Q

Division of Cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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16
Q

Why is MITOSIS important?

A

a. Growth of organisms (production of new cells)
b. Repair of worn out parts (healing of wounds)
c. Asexual reproduction (offsprings are clones of their parent)

17
Q

What is MEIOSIS?

A

A type of cell division in which reproductive cells called gametes are formed

18
Q

What are the phases of MEIOSIS?

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I & Cytokinesis
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II

19
Q

The chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Crossing-over occurs.

A

Prophase I - MEIOSIS

20
Q

Pairs of homologous chromosomes moves to the equator of the cell.

A

Metaphase I - MEIOSIS

20
Q

Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase I - MEIOSIS

21
Q

Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells. The cytoplasm divides.

A

Telophase I & Cytokinesis - MEIOSIS

22
Q

Chromosomes condense. The new spindle begins to form between the centrioles. The nuclear membrane is broken.

A

Prophase II - MEIOSIS

23
Q

The pairs of chromosomes hook to the achromatic spindle and line up in the center of the cell (metaphase plate)

A

Metaphase II - MEIOSIS

24
Q

The chromatids travel to opposite poles of the Cell. In this case the chromatids are not identical.

A

Anaphase II - MEIOSIS

25
Q

Chromosomes are grouped at the poles of the cell. Cytokinesis takes place.

A

Telophase II - MEIOSIS

26
Q

Why is meiosis important?

A

a. ensures that the chromosome number of organisms stays constant generation after generation.
b. ensures that the chromosomes are distributed to the daughter cells in various combinations, bringing about tremendous variations in the characteristics of organism.

27
Q

SPERMATOGENESIS

A

production of sperm by the process of meiosis. It takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. the entire process takes about two months.

28
Q

production of egg cells or ova by the process of meiosis. It takes place in the outer region (cortex) of the ovaries. Inside the ovaries are clusters of diploid stem cells called _________ , which are surrounded by flat cells called follicle cless. Production of oogenia begins during the prenatal stage in the development of a human female.

A

OOGENESIS

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