DIGESTION Flashcards by Kaedehara Kazuha

What is DIGESTION?

It is where food is broken into small molecules to provide/nourish the body/cells energy

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It is where Food enters the digestive system through the mouth.

INGESTION

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What happens when you chew your food?

As you chew your food more digestive enzymes are produced.

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What are the different types of Digestion?

a. Mechanical phase - mastication
b. Chemical phase - enzymes

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What is the function of Oral Cavity?

Mouth or oral cavity Entrance Contains; Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands

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What are the different parts/types of the teeth?

a. Incisors & Canine
b. Premolars and Molars

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It does most of the biting and tearing

Incisors & Canine

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It is with large surfaces ideal for chewing

Premolars and Molars

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It Perceives taste Mix saliva with food Pushes food downward (swallowing)

TONGUE

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What is PAPILLAE?

It has rough surfaces where the taste buds are found

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It secretes saliva that lubricates food. It contains enzymes that help in chemical digestion.

Sublingual Submaxillary or submandibular

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moistens food and make it slippery to facilitate swallowing

SALIVA

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What is SALIVARY AMYLASE?

a digestive enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into maltose

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It is the Passageway for digestion and respiration

PHARYNX

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It ensures that food does not enter the respiratory tract

EPIGLOTTIS

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What is the ESOPHAGUS?

Muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

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It is a wavelike contraction of esophagus

PERISTALSIS

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What is the STOMACH?

It is the expanded organ located between the esophagus and small intestine.

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What is the function of the STOMACH?

Stores the swallowed food Mixes the food w/ digestive juices. Conveys its contents slowly into small intestine.

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It has Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin

GASTRIC JUICES

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It has Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin

GASTRIC JUICES

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What is HYDROCHLORIC ACID?

It softens fibrous foods and kills microorganisms

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It helps digest milk proteins

RENNIN

What is PEPSIN?

It breaks down other proteins into simpler forms: amino acids and peptides

It folds in the stomach which increase surface area to accommodate food

RUGAE

What is CHYME?

a semi-liquid formed when food is mixed with gastric juice

What is the RECTUM?

It is located at the distal end of sigmoid colon. It also serves as a warehouse for the undigested residue of feces.

It is the exit point for fecal materials

ANUS

It is where simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.

ABSORBTION

What is ASSIMILATION?

It is where the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used.

It is considered as organ of complete digestion and absorption. Because it secretes the enzymes that change food materials into their simplest components. It is also the longest organ of the digestive system.

SMALL INTESTINES

What are the 3 different sections of the Small Intestine called?

a. Duodenum (25 cm) b. Jejunum (2.5 m) c. Ileum (3.5 m)

A.K.A colon an organ after the small intestine.

LARGE INTESTINE

What are the functions of the large intestine?

a. temporary storage of fecal materials. b. absorbs vitamins. c. reabsorbs water from undigested residue.

It is where the body expels waste products from digestion through the rectum and anus.

EXCRETION

List the stages of Digestion

INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORBTION ASSIMILATION EXCRETION

It is where the complications are directly related to the type of nutrient not being absorbed. Digestive System needs Vitamins to function properly. Vitamin D rich food such as egg yolks, saltwater fish, liver and fortified milk and cereal.

Nutrient Deficiency

What can Vitamin B-12 deficiency affect?

Vitamin B-12 deficiency can affect the digestive tract.

It is when the body has trouble digesting food and absorbing nutrients.

Malabsorption

It helps break down polysaccharides (cellulose) and other foods that human body cannot digest. Beneficial bacteria also help the body re-absorb excess water from the large intestine, and they break down carcinogenic drugs and chemicals that are incorporated in the food.

Probiotics-

What are ANTIOXIDANTS?

They are naturally occurring compounds that have the ability to neutralize unstable free radicals that can cause cellular damage.

These nutrients that are needed by the body in small quantities to promote growth and maintenance of health and life processes.

VITAMINS

What are MINERALS?

inorganic substances, which just like vitamins, are needed by the body in minute quantities or as traces

What does GERD stand for?

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

What is GERD?

regurgitation and acid reflux (stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus))

-polyps, a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum -sudden weight loss or blood in their stool

Colorectal cancer

What is Peptic ulcer disease?

a sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine or esophagus.

A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a __________.

Gastric ulcer

A duodenal ulcer is a peptic ulcer that develops in the ____________.

First part of the small intestine

It is where a person experiences a sense of "fullness" in the upper abdomen after eating small meals

Stomach cancer

What is Appendicitis?

It is an inflammation of the appendix

It is where you have loose, watery and possibly more-frequent bowel movements

Diarrhea

It is where you have hard, dry bowel movements or passing stool fewer than three times a week.

Constipation

How do you know if you have digestive problems?

● stomach ache ● a sudden, persistent changes in bowel habit ● indigestion/dyspepsia or upset stomach ● worsening heartburn /acid reflux ● bleeding from the bottom ● losing weight unexpectedly ● difficulty swallowing

How do doctors test for digestive issues?

1. Upper endoscopy (also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD) 2. Colonoscopy 3. Barium Swallow Test (BaSO4) 4. X-ray

Good habits/practices to maintain a healthy digestive system

● Chew food thoroughly, and don't overeat. ● Get plenty of fluids. Eat a variety of foods that contain dietary fiber. ● Limit your intake of fats and alcohol. ● Avoid raw sea foods. ● Exercise daily. ● Wear clothes that fit properly; clothes that are tight on the abdomen can cause stomach problems.

Treating Gastrointestinal Disorder ● Resting and drinking plenty of fluids. ● Following the BRAT diet – bananas, rice, applesauce and toast – all of which are easy on the stomach and beneficial in their own way. ● Taking over-the-counter medications to ease symptoms (for example, laxatives for constipation).

● Resting and drinking plenty of fluids. ● Following the BRAT diet – bananas, rice, applesauce and toast – all of which are easy on the stomach and beneficial in their own way. ● Taking over-the-counter medications to ease symptoms (for example, laxatives for constipation).