DIGESTION Flashcards
What is DIGESTION?
It is where food is broken into small molecules to provide/nourish the body/cells energy
It is where Food enters the digestive system through the mouth.
INGESTION
What happens when you chew your food?
As you chew your food more digestive enzymes are produced.
What are the different types of Digestion?
a. Mechanical phase - mastication
b. Chemical phase - enzymes
What is the function of Oral Cavity?
Mouth or oral cavity Entrance Contains; Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands
What are the different parts/types of the teeth?
a. Incisors & Canine
b. Premolars and Molars
It does most of the biting and tearing
Incisors & Canine
It is with large surfaces ideal for chewing
Premolars and Molars
It Perceives taste Mix saliva with food Pushes food downward (swallowing)
TONGUE
What is PAPILLAE?
It has rough surfaces where the taste buds are found
It secretes saliva that lubricates food. It contains enzymes that help in chemical digestion.
Sublingual Submaxillary or submandibular
moistens food and make it slippery to facilitate swallowing
SALIVA
What is SALIVARY AMYLASE?
a digestive enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into maltose
It is the Passageway for digestion and respiration
PHARYNX
It ensures that food does not enter the respiratory tract
EPIGLOTTIS
What is the ESOPHAGUS?
Muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.
It is a wavelike contraction of esophagus
PERISTALSIS
What is the STOMACH?
It is the expanded organ located between the esophagus and small intestine.
What is the function of the STOMACH?
Stores the swallowed food Mixes the food w/ digestive juices. Conveys its contents slowly into small intestine.
It has Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin
GASTRIC JUICES
It has Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin
GASTRIC JUICES
What is HYDROCHLORIC ACID?
It softens fibrous foods and kills microorganisms
It helps digest milk proteins
RENNIN
What is PEPSIN?
It breaks down other proteins into simpler forms: amino acids and peptides
It folds in the stomach which increase surface area to accommodate food
RUGAE
What is CHYME?
a semi-liquid formed when food is mixed with gastric juice
What is the RECTUM?
It is located at the distal end of sigmoid colon. It also serves as a warehouse for the undigested residue of feces.
It is the exit point for fecal materials
ANUS
It is where simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.
ABSORBTION
What is ASSIMILATION?
It is where the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used.
It is considered as organ of complete digestion and absorption. Because it secretes the enzymes that change food materials into their simplest components. It is also the longest organ of the digestive system.
SMALL INTESTINES
What are the 3 different sections of the Small Intestine called?
a. Duodenum (25 cm)
b. Jejunum (2.5 m)
c. Ileum (3.5 m)
A.K.A colon an organ after the small intestine.
LARGE INTESTINE
What are the functions of the large intestine?
a. temporary storage of fecal materials.
b. absorbs vitamins.
c. reabsorbs water from undigested residue.
It is where the body expels waste products from digestion through the rectum and anus.
EXCRETION
List the stages of Digestion
INGESTION
DIGESTION
ABSORBTION
ASSIMILATION
EXCRETION
It is where the complications are directly related to the type of nutrient not being absorbed. Digestive System needs Vitamins to function properly. Vitamin D rich food such as egg yolks, saltwater fish, liver and fortified milk and cereal.
Nutrient Deficiency
What can Vitamin B-12 deficiency affect?
Vitamin B-12 deficiency can affect the digestive tract.
It is when the body has trouble digesting food and absorbing nutrients.
Malabsorption
It helps break down polysaccharides (cellulose) and other foods that human body cannot digest. Beneficial bacteria also help the body re-absorb excess water from the large intestine, and they break down carcinogenic drugs and chemicals that are incorporated in the food.
Probiotics-
What are ANTIOXIDANTS?
They are naturally occurring compounds that have
the ability to neutralize unstable free radicals that can cause
cellular damage.
These nutrients that are needed by the body in small quantities to promote growth and maintenance of health and life processes.
VITAMINS
What are MINERALS?
inorganic substances, which just like vitamins, are needed by the body in minute quantities or as traces
What does GERD stand for?
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
What is GERD?
regurgitation and acid reflux (stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus))
-polyps, a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum
-sudden weight loss or blood in their stool
Colorectal cancer
What is Peptic ulcer disease?
a sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine or esophagus.
A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a __________.
Gastric ulcer
A duodenal ulcer is a peptic ulcer that develops in the ____________.
First part of the small intestine
It is where a person experiences a sense of “fullness” in the upper abdomen after
eating small meals
Stomach cancer
What is Appendicitis?
It is an inflammation of the appendix
It is where you have loose, watery and possibly more-frequent bowel movements
Diarrhea
It is where you have hard, dry bowel movements or passing stool fewer
than three times a week.
Constipation
How do you know if you have digestive problems?
● stomach ache
● a sudden, persistent changes in bowel habit
● indigestion/dyspepsia or upset stomach
● worsening heartburn /acid reflux
● bleeding from the bottom
● losing weight unexpectedly
● difficulty swallowing
How do doctors test for digestive issues?
- Upper endoscopy (also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD)
- Colonoscopy
- Barium Swallow Test (BaSO4)
- X-ray
Good habits/practices to maintain a healthy digestive system
● Chew food thoroughly, and don’t overeat.
● Get plenty of fluids. Eat a variety of foods that
contain dietary fiber.
● Limit your intake of fats and alcohol.
● Avoid raw sea foods.
● Exercise daily.
● Wear clothes that fit properly; clothes that are tight
on the abdomen can cause stomach problems.
Treating Gastrointestinal Disorder
● Resting and drinking plenty of fluids.
● Following the BRAT diet – bananas, rice,
applesauce and toast – all of which are easy
on the stomach and beneficial in their own
way.
● Taking over-the-counter medications to ease
symptoms (for example, laxatives for
constipation).
● Resting and drinking plenty of fluids.
● Following the BRAT diet – bananas, rice,
applesauce and toast – all of which are easy
on the stomach and beneficial in their own
way.
● Taking over-the-counter medications to ease
symptoms (for example, laxatives for
constipation).
