Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

What is inheritance?

Answer 1

The study of transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

The basic unit of heredity. Its a section of DNA thats responsible for coding a certain characteristic/trait (phenotype).

Question 3

What is an allele?

Answer 3

Section of a gene that controls specific genes such as height or eye colour.

Question 4

Phenotype:

Answer 4

Appearance of an organism, black vs white, short vs tall.

Question 5

GENOTYPE:

Answer 5

The genetic makeup of the organism. Ex. Pp or pp

Question 6

Homozygous:

Answer 6

Pair of IDENTICAL alleles for traits.

Question 7

Heterozygous:

Answer 7

Two different alleles for traits.

Question 8

Cross:

Answer 8

The mating of two organisms.

Question 9

P generation:

Answer 9

Parents

Question 10

F1 generation:

Answer 10

First filial generation. (Offspring)

Question 11

F2 generation:

Answer 11

The second filial generation.

Question 12

Who thought that genes are passed through blood?

Answer 12

Aristotle

Question 13

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 13

Austrian monk who performed experiments on garden peas to explain gene inheritance.
HE DISCOVERED ALLELES.

Question 14

What is Mendel’s law of probability?

Answer 14

The chance of passing on any one allele is 50%.

Question 15

True breeding:

Answer 15

When plants self-pollinate, all their offspring are the same variation.

Question 16

Hybridization:

Answer 16

The mating of two varieties.

Question 17

Test cross:

Answer 17

Used to determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype by crossing the unknown plant with a homozygous recessive plant.

Question 18

Autosomal recessive:

Answer 18

If the disease gene is carried on one of the autosomes.

Question 19

Dihybrid cross:

Answer 19

A cross with two traits instead of just one.

Question 20

In a hetero times hetero Dihybrid cross, the probability of the f2 offspring will be.

Answer 20

9/16
3/16
3/16
1/16

Question 21

Mendel’s law of segregation:

Answer 21

The alleles of an individual separate during the formation of during the formation of gametes.

Question 22

Rule of independent events:

Answer 22

The chance of an event occurring is UNAFFECTED by previous results.

Question 23

Rule of products:

Answer 23

The chance of two events occurring at the same time is equal to the PRODUCT of these two happening separately.

Question 24

OR/AND rule:

Answer 24

If a question says “or” - add probabilities

If a question says “and” - multiply probabilities (rule of products)

Question 25

Incomplete/intermediate dominance:

Answer 25

Both alleles interact to produce NEW phenotype.
Ex. Red + white = PINK!!

Question 26

Codominance:

Answer 26

Both alleles are found in the phenotype of the offspring.

Question 27

Universal donor and receiver:

Answer 27

1. O
2. AB

Question 28

Who researched genetics after Mendel on flies?

Answer 28

Morgan

Question 29

Sex linked traits:

Answer 29

Traits influenced by genes carried on sex chromosomes.

Question 30

Who is more likely to get a sex linked disease?

Answer 30

Males because they only have one X chromosome so they are twice as likely to get it.

Question 31

Barr bodies:

Answer 31

When one X chromosome in females is inactivated.

Question 32

Pedigree circles are:
Squares?

Answer 32

1. Females
2. Males

Question 33

Shaded pedigree shapes represent:

Answer 33

A certain trait passed.

Question 34

Autosomal means__________.

Answer 34

Chromosome pairs that are NOT sex chromosomes.

Question 35

Traits that’s skip a generation are likely_____.

Answer 35

Autosomal recessive.

Question 36

Polygenic traits:

Answer 36

Traits that are determined by more than one gene.
Ex. Skin colour, eye colour, hair colour.

Question 37

Epistatis:

Answer 37

Different genes interfering with one phenotype.

Question 38

Unlinked genes could lead to:

Answer 38

Polygenic traits.