Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
What is inheritance?
The study of transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.
What is a gene?
The basic unit of heredity. Its a section of DNA thats responsible for coding a certain characteristic/trait (phenotype).
What is an allele?
Section of a gene that controls specific genes such as height or eye colour.
Phenotype:
Appearance of an organism, black vs white, short vs tall.
GENOTYPE:
The genetic makeup of the organism. Ex. Pp or pp
Homozygous:
Pair of IDENTICAL alleles for traits.
Heterozygous:
Two different alleles for traits.
Cross:
The mating of two organisms.
P generation:
Parents
F1 generation:
First filial generation. (Offspring)
F2 generation:
The second filial generation.
Who thought that genes are passed through blood?
Aristotle
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Austrian monk who performed experiments on garden peas to explain gene inheritance.
HE DISCOVERED ALLELES.
What is Mendel’s law of probability?
The chance of passing on any one allele is 50%.
True breeding:
When plants self-pollinate, all their offspring are the same variation.
Hybridization:
The mating of two varieties.
Test cross:
Used to determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype by crossing the unknown plant with a homozygous recessive plant.
Autosomal recessive:
If the disease gene is carried on one of the autosomes.
Dihybrid cross:
A cross with two traits instead of just one.
In a hetero times hetero Dihybrid cross, the probability of the f2 offspring will be.
9/16
3/16
3/16
1/16
Mendel’s law of segregation:
The alleles of an individual separate during the formation of during the formation of gametes.
Rule of independent events:
The chance of an event occurring is UNAFFECTED by previous results.
Rule of products:
The chance of two events occurring at the same time is equal to the PRODUCT of these two happening separately.
OR/AND rule:
If a question says “or” - add probabilities
If a question says “and” - multiply probabilities (rule of products)
