Mendel and his peas Flashcards
the passing of genetic traits from parent
Heredity
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
dominant trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing
recessive trait
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
gene
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
allele
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its phenotype with the environment.
phenotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
genotype
A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization
homologous chromosomes
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information
meiosis
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
sex chromosome
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred.
pedigree
the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case.
Probability
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
DNA
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Nucleotide
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
mutation
