earthquake/volcano vocabulary

Question 1

The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long and up to about 500 km wide

Answer 1

ring of fire

Question 2

a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another

Answer 2

Strike-slip fault

Question 3

inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically

Answer 3

Normal fault

Question 4

Reverse faults are exactly the opposite of normal faults. If the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, you have a reverse fault. Reverse faults occur in areas undergoing compression

Answer 4

Reverse fault

Question 5

A P wave, or compressional wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the

Answer 5

P-waves

Question 6

eismic waves produced by an earthquake. … S-waves are lateral waves that move side to side as a sine wave perpendicular to the direction of the wave.

Answer 6

S-waves

Question 7

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Answer 7

epicenter

Question 8

The focus is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates

Answer 8

focus

Question 9

The Richter scale – also called the Richter magnitude scale and Richter’s magnitude scale – is a measure of the strength of earthquakes,

Answer 9

Richter magnitude scale

Question 10

Explosive eruptions occur where cooler, more viscous magmas (such as andesite) reach the surface. Dissolved gases cannot escape as easily, so pressure may build up

Answer 10

explosive volcano

Question 11

Nonexplosive eruptions are the most common type of volcanic eruptions. These eruptions produce relatively calm flows of lava in huge amounts.

Answer 11

nonexplosive volcano

Question 12

Krakatoa, also transcribed Krakatau, is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group comprising four islands.

Answer 12

Krakatoa

Question 13

The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States.

Answer 13

Yellowstone supervolcano

Question 14

The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip

Answer 14

San Andreas fault

Question 15

The mid-ocean ridge is a continuous range of undersea volcanic mountains that encircles the globe almost entirely underwater.

Answer 15

Mid-oceanic ridge

Question 16

Shield volcanoes are the result of high magma supply rates; the lava is hot and little-changed since the time it was generated.

Answer 16

shield volcano

Question 17

A cinder cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or cinder that has been built around a volcanic vent.

Answer 17

cinder cone volcano

Question 18

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra.

Answer 18

composite volcano

Question 19

a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.

Answer 19

hot spot

Question 20

is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about 9 km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc.

Answer 20

Mt. Vesuvius