Memory Unit

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

processes that allow us to record, store, and retrieve experiences and info

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

recording info into memory

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

holding info into memory

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

getting info back out of memory

Question 5

Spacing effect

Answer 5

the idea that we remember more when information is practiced in spaced-out intervals rather than massed together

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of memory storage

Answer 6

1. Sensory Memory
2. Short-term Memory
3. Long-term Memory

Question 7

Sensory Memory

Answer 7

holds incoming sensory info for less than 1 second

Question 8

By paying attention information can move from ___________ _________ to _____-______ ___________

Answer 8

sensory memory; short-term memory

Question 9

how long can info be held in STM

Answer 9

~ 20 seconds

Question 10

How many things can the STM hold

Answer 10

5-9 things (7 +/- 2)

Question 11

What is the limit for LTM

Answer 11

LTM has unlimited storage

Question 12

Flashbulb memories

Answer 12

detailed and vivid recollections of emotionally significant events

Question 13

Do flashbulb memories have better accuracy than regular memores?

Answer 13

No, the accuracy and loss of detail of a flashbulb memory are similar to the accuracy and loss of detail of any other memory

Question 14

Explicit memory

Answer 14

conscious recall of facts and events

Question 15

Semantic memory

Answer 15

memory for general, factual knowledge

Question 16

Episodic memory

Answer 16

memory for personal experiences

Question 17

2 types of explicit memory

Answer 17

1. Semantic
2. Episodic

Question 18

Example of semantic memory

Answer 18

remembering the capital of Cuba

Question 19

Example of episodic memory

Answer 19

remembering where you ate dinner with your friends last month

Question 20

2 types of long-term memory

Answer 20

1. Explicit
2. Implicit

Question 21

Types of implicit memory

Answer 21

1. Procedural
2. Classical Conditioning
3. Priming

Question 22

Procedural memory

Answer 22

memory for skills

Question 23

Example for procedural memory

Answer 23

how to ride a bike

Question 24

Example of classical conditioning

Answer 24

The Office scene with the mint and rebooting the computer

Question 25

Priming

Answer 25

activation of info in the memory that then affects behaviors &/or memory for new info

Question 26

how is this list and example of priming:
haystack, shot, knit, sew, burger, inject, syringe, fan, and flower

Answer 26

the listener hears words associated with “needle” so they’ll prob think that word was in the list if asked to recall the words

Question 27

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 27

enhanced with conditions during retrieval match with the conditions from encoding

Question 28

Context-dependent memory

Answer 28

easier to remember something in the same environment as where you encoded it

Question 29

Example of context-dependent memory

Answer 29

when you walk into the room and you forget why you walked in there, so you go back to the other room, and then you re-remember why you walked into the other room

Question 30

State-dependent memory

Answer 30

memory is enhanced when the internal state at encoding matches the internal state at retrieval

Question 31

example of state-dependent memory

Answer 31

if you study drunk, it would be better to take the test drunk

Question 32

proactive interference

Answer 32

old info interferes with new info

Question 33

retrograde interference

Answer 33

new info overrides old info

Question 34

proactive interference example

Answer 34

when your friend gets a new phone number, but you cannot un-remember the old number

Question 35

example of retrograde interference

Answer 35

when you forget your old phone number after you get a new one

Question 36

what is taste aversion

Answer 36

special kind of classical conditioning in which we learn to associate a taste/smell with sickness

Question 37

primary reinforcer

Answer 37

is naturally rewarding (like food)

Question 38

secondary reinforcer

Answer 38

is something you have to learn is good (like money)

Question 39

Shaping

Answer 39

procedure in which reinforcement gradually guides an organism’s actions toward desired behavior