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Psych 109 > Memory Short Answers > Flashcards

Memory Short Answers Flashcards

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1
Q

How do Skin Conductance Responses Work for Normal Brains?

A

Chose good decks without awareness of the situation.

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2
Q

How do Skin Conductance Responses Work for Damaged Frontal Lobe Brains?

A

Didn’t make good choices even with awareness of situation.

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3
Q

What are 2 Pieces of Evidence that show Blindsight is Mental?

A

Can discriminate line orientation in ‘blind field’ and striped patterns from grey patches.

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4
Q

What were Chalmer’s 2 Easy Problems of Consciousness?

A

Non-conscious vs conscious perception/learning.

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5
Q

What were Chalmer’s Hard Problems of Consciousness?

A

Subjective experience, raw feel of things.

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6
Q

What are the Different Perspectives of Dennet and Chalmer’s in terms of Intuition?

A

C - appeals to our intuitions

D - our intuitions may be unreliable.

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7
Q

What Happens during Stage 1 of Sleep?

A

5 mins, deep breathing, theta waves.

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8
Q

What Happens during Stage 2 of Sleep?

A

20 mins, sleep spindles.

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9
Q

What Happens during Stages 3 and 4 of Sleep?

A

Slow wave, body temp decreases.

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10
Q

What Happens during REM Sleep?

A

Rapid eye movements, muscles relaxed, hard to awaken, heart beat/breathing irregular.

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11
Q

What is the Aim of Brain-Computer Interfaces?

A

Communication and therapeutic improvement.

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12
Q

What does Storage Depend on?

A

Attention, may fade over time.

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13
Q

What Happened during Sperling’s Experiment on Sensory Memory?

A

Display flashed quickly, usually only 4 letters remembered. If a cue is given, entire row can be remembered.

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14
Q

What is Another Name for Sensory Memory: Visual?

A

Iconic memory.

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15
Q

What is Another Name for Sensory Memory: Auditory?

A

Echoic memory.

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16
Q

What is the Cocktail Party Problem?

A

Switching attention between auditory streams - can still pick up a little bit of ignored streams.

17
Q

What are the 4 Mental Processes Taking Place in Working Memory?

A

Mental arithmetic, mental time travel, general conversation, mental rotation.

18
Q

What are the 3 Components of Working Memory?

A

Visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, articulatory loop.

19
Q

What are the 2 Kinds of Rehearsal?

A

Maintenance, elaborative.

20
Q

How does Transfer to Long Term Memory Occur?

A

Physio-chemical process, partly dependent on hippocampus.

21
Q

How can Primacy Effect be Reduced?

A

Speeding presentation, allowing less time for rehearsal.

22
Q

How can Recency Effect be Reduced?

A

Delay, because STM fades away.

23
Q

What is Super-Memory Often Associated with?

A

Deficits in other areas.

24
Q

Why does Emotion Enhance Memory?

A

Hippocampus is next to the amygdala, which is the emotional centre.

25
Q

What is Mental Time Travel?

A

Replaying the past, pre-playing the future - using the hippocampus.

26
Q

How is the Brain Activated when Remembering vs. Predicting?

A

The same way, but hippocampus can tell past from future.

27
Q

How do Alcohol and Alzheimer’s Affect the Hippocampus?

A

They cause Atrophy.

28
Q

What is the ‘Memory Gene’?

A

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

29
Q

How does the ‘Memory Gene’ Work?

A

Two alleles - Met and Val - those with Met may have better episodic memory.

30
Q

How do Rhymes Assist Memory?

A

Provides redundancy, adds predictability.

31
Q

What was Pavlov’s Example of Classical Conditioning?

A

Linking food with sound of a metronome, so that the metronome induced salivation even when no food was present.

32
Q

What are the 3 Differences between Controlled Processing and Automatic Processing?

A

C - attention required, one at a time, easily disrupted, becomes automatic with practice
A - no attention, parallel processing, less easily interrupted

33
Q

What is Semantic Memory?

A

“Knowing”, like a dictionary, learned at school, large robust storage.

34
Q

What is Episodic Memory?

A

“Remembering”, like a diary, based on personal experience, can be replayed, fragile storage, can be inaccurate.

35
Q

What Happens if the Hippocampus is Destroyed?

A

You lose your memories.

36
Q

How does the Episodic Memory Circuit Work?

A

Puts together the information needed to reconstruct past memories from other parts of the brain.

37
Q

What Happened to Clive Wearing when his Hippocampus was Destroyed?

A

Could still play piano - working, semantic, implicit memories still intact.

38
Q

What Happened to Henry Molaison when his Hippocampus was Removed?

A

Loss of autobiographical memory, other forms of memory still intact, skill learning still intact.

Psych 109 (9 decks)

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