Memory - Sensory, STM And LTM

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

How much info is taken in and recorded

Question 2

Capacity

Answer 2

How much information can be held

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

How long Info can be held

Question 4

Sensory memory encoding

Answer 4

Takes in info from the sense organs and holds them in the same form

Question 5

Sensory memory capacity

Answer 5

Very large

Question 6

Sensory duration

Answer 6

Info is stored in an unprocessed form. It is then transferred to short term mem through attention

Question 7

Echoic

Answer 7

Auditory mem from the ears

Question 8

Iconic

Answer 8

Visual info from the eyes

Question 9

Haptic

Answer 9

Data/ info acquired through touch

Question 10

Crowder 1993 - sensory

Answer 10

• sensory register retains iconic for a few milliseconds
• echoic lasts roughly 2-3 secs

Question 11

Spearing 1960 - sensory

Answer 11

• presented a grid of letters for less than a seconds
• used tones to cue ppts to recall a specific row
• recall on the specific row was high- showing we have a large capacity

Question 12

Shorty term memory encoding

Answer 12

Acoustically

Question 13

STM capacity

Answer 13

The “magic no” of + or - 2 from 7 (5-9 items)

Question 14

STM duration

Answer 14

Roughly 18-30 secs
Very short because it is temporary
Only a few seconds, before it decays unless we rehearse it

Question 15

Conrad 1964 - stm encoding

Answer 15

• visually presented with a stimulus with letters 1 at a time
• letters that were acoustically similar are harder to recall from STM than those acoustically dissimilar.

Question 16

Miller 1956 - CHUNKING

Answer 16

• makes info more meaningful
• capacity can be extended
• involves organising info in line with existing knowledge from the LTM

Question 17

LTM - encoding

Answer 17

It is meaning based (semantic)

Question 18

Baddeley 1996 - LTM encoding

Answer 18

• presented as lists of 10 short words at a time
• some lists were semantically similar, others were not
• ppts. We’re Estes immediately, and then again after 20 mins
• it was found that after 20 mins they did poorly on the semantically similar words
  Implies that we encode LTM according to what they mean, so things with similar meanings are easily CONFUSED

Question 19

Capacity LTM

Answer 19

No way to test what is stored in the LTM- so potentially unlimited

Question 20

Duration

Answer 20

Anything form minutes up to a lifetime

Question 21

Banrick et al 1975 - LTM duration

Answer 21

• tested US graduates
• ppts. We’re shown classmates photos 1 yr later- 90% accurate for remembering names and faces 34 yrs later
• ppts. Knowledge began to decline after 48yrs, particularly for faces