Memory & Retrieval (Test 2) Flashcards
What is Sensory Memory?
Information that comes in through our senses
Short-lived, 1/4 seconds - 2 seconds
If not processed, we lose it
What is Echoic Memory?
Audio memory (The shit you hear)
What is Iconic Memory?
Iconic memory (The shit you see)
What is Short-Term Memory?
Portion of memory where incoming information is encoded & interpreted
Limited capacity that increases with higher involvement
Short-lived duration
What is Imagery Processing?
The processing of information in sensory form
What is Discursive Processing?
The processing of information as words
What is Long-Term Memory?
Permanently stored knowledge
Very large storage capacity
What is Retrieval Failure?
When you can’t recall something information isn’t lost, it just sometimes can’t be found
What is Autobiographical memory?
Episodic Memory or memories of things that are tied to a time/place/action
(Example: Last time you saw something)
What is Semantic memory?
More knowledge of something
Example: Describing something
What is Rehearsal? (Ways to improve memory)
Actively reviewing info to remember it
What is Recirculation? (Ways to improve memory)
Remembering something because you encounter it a lot
What is Elaboration? (Ways to improve memory)
Relating info to what you already know/think about
Processing more deeply = More likely to remember it
What is “Chunking”? (Ways to improve memory)
Grouping multiple info items as a single unit
How are memories organized?
The Associative Network
Associative links created through knowledge & experience
Thicker the line = the better the link to the node
What is spreading activation?
When one node is activated, the surrounding nodes are activated
The reason behind random thoughts
What is the Sleeper Effect?
Source decays faster than messages
When you hear something but you don’t know where it’s from
What is Implicit Memory?
Memory for things without conscious awareness
Memories you have that don’t take effort to remember
What is Explicit Memory?
Memories that are achieved by active attempts to remember something
Memories you make an effort to remember
What is Decay? (Retrieval Failures)
The weakening of nodes or links over time
What is Interference? (Retrieval Failures)
Not remembering which features go with what due to semantic networks being too closely aligned
What is Salience?
Something that stands out from the larger context in which it is placed
What is Prototypicality?
Something that is easier to recognize
What are Retrieval Cues?
Stimulus that facilitates a node’s activation of memory
Example: Brand name or Symbol
