Memory - long-term memory Flashcards
What is meant by declarative?
Involved, conscious recall.
What is meant by non-decorative?
Involved, unconscious recall.
What did Nell ting figure?
He proposed there are three LTM stores episodic memory semantic memory and procedural memory.
What are the three different types of memory?
Episodic memory: knowledge of personal events.
Semantic memory: general knowledge.
Procedural memory: knowledge of how to do things
Describe the episodic memory in detail
Episodic memory is part of the long-term memory responsible destroying information about person events that we have experienced in our lives. It has to be consciously recall meaning it is dich clarity.
It associates with the hippocampus and the white prefrontal cortex.
They are also time stamped.
Describe semantic memory in detail.
Somatic memory is part of the LTM responsible for storing information about the world. This includes knowledge about the meaning of words as well as knowledge it has to be consciously recalled meaning it is clarity they are associated with the left prefrontal cortex.
Describe the procedure memory in detail
The procedural memory is a part of the long-term memory which is responsible for knowing how to do things and carry out complex motor tasks. These memories are hard to explain. It does not have to be consciously recalled meaning it is declarative. These memories are associated with the cerebellum and motor cortex.
What is a strength of three distinct long-term memory stores?
There is evidence from brain scans - research shows different areas of the brain are active when different types of LTM are active. Tulving (1994) as participants to complete a memory task whilst in a PET scanner they found episodic and semantic memories activated the prefrontal cortex semantic memories from the left and right procedural memories is further associated with the cerebellum - evidence is only correlational does not provide scientific evidence - Increases the validity of the theory.
Give another strength of the three distinct stores of the LTM
Case studies of patients with brain damage– HM: after surgery which removed parts of the hippocampus he could still form new procedure memories but not episodic or semantic better at mirror drawing task, but he didn’t remember he had completed it - Native memory, but his declarative memory was impaired shows there is distinct separate stores from each other - however, it is a case of one person so lacks populated validity.
Give limitation of the LTM stores.
Some research has believed there are only two stores and that Tulving theory is not parsimonious - Cohen and Squire agree that procedure memories represent one type of but argue semantic and episodic are stored together declarative and non-declarative memory – there is a link between semantic and procedure as we are able to produce automatic language talking fluently using semantic concepts without having to consciously recall the details - contradictory evidence poses a challenged the theory that there are three distinct LTM stores.
