Social influence – obedience Flashcards
What is obedience?
Obedience is a type of social influence whereby one person follows the orders of another.
What was the aim of Milgram study in two obedience?
To test the Germans a different type oaths which claim that Germans are highly obedient.
What was the procedure of Milgram study in two obedience?
- teacher given a small real shock.
- No more real shocks were given.
- Each time they learn made a mistake with a word pairing he was shocked and the voltage rose by 15 V.
- The reaction was a pre-recorded series of verbal responses that fell silent at 330 V.
-the experiment gave verbal prods such as the experimental requires you to continue and you have no choice you must go on. - The experimenter was the authority figure and he wore a grey lab coat.
What was the findings of Milgram study in two obedience?
- 65% of participants administered shocks to 450 V.
- No participants stopped below 300 V.
-participants such as twitching, sweating, giggling nervously digging their nails into their flash and verbally attacking the experimenter.
- three participants had seizures
- Some participants showed sign of distress and nearly carried on with what they were doing.
What was the conclusion of Milgram study in two obedience?
People will obey authority and go against their conscience. They can lose empathy, compassion and morality. This can help to explain the horrific act from the Second World War.
What were the situational variables that Milgram tested in more experiments?
Proximity
Location
And uniform
What is meant by proximity?
The physical closeness or distance of an authority figure to the person they are giving orders to. It also refers the closeness of the teacher to the learner.
What is meant by the variable location?
The place where an order is issued the relevant factors that influence obedience is the status of prestige of the location.
What is meant by the variable uniform?
People in positions of authority often have a uniform that is symbolic of their authority.
What happened in the proximity test of obedience?
- Both the teacher and the learner was seated in the same room obedience levels to 40%.
- When the teacher had to force the learners hand onto the shock plate the obedience rate dropped even further to 30%.
- experimental absent variation is when the research gave orders over the phone causing the obedience to drop to 21%.
What was the location variational of the study?
- it was at Yale University. This location gave them the confidence in the integrity of the people involved and many of them said that they wouldn’t have shot the learner if it had been carried out elsewhere.
- moving the study to a rundown block resulting in a slight drop to 48%.
What did they do in the uniform variation of the obedience study by Milgram?
- In the original study the research a grey lab coat carried out a variation which they experimenter was called away because of an inconvenient telephone call.
- the role of the experimenter was taken over by an ordinary member of the public obedience level dropped to 21%.
Explain internal validity as a limitation of Milgram study
Highly prone to demand characteristics due to low experimental realism - Orne and Holland argued p’s behaved the way they did because they didn’t believe the set up therefore might not have tested what it was intending to test lacking internal validity - Sheridan and King conductor study real shots were given 54% of males and 100% of females delivered real electric shocks - Increasing the internal validity.
What are the ethical concerns of Milgram study evaluation?
Ethical issues, –P’s were deceived using a cover story. They didn’t know obedience was being studied. They also lacked the right to withdraw as they were encouraged to continue - ethical guidelines were broken however Milgrim states that 83.7% of participants said they were pleased - however without the deception experimental realism may have been reduced and the result would have been less valid.
