Memory evaluations Flashcards
Jacobs + Miller
2+ , 2-
+practical applications- chunking info makes it easy to remember
+lab study, high control
- lab study, lacks ecological validity
- lacks mundane realism
Brown; Peterson + Peterson
3+ , 1-
+ practical applications, improve people’s memory, improve lives
+ highly controlled, no extraneous variables
+supports MSM as counting prevented rehearsal and going to LTM
-lacks ecological validity, lab study
Bahrick et al.
3+, 1-
+good mundane realism, we remember names in everyday life
+supports MSM as people are recalling names from LTM
+highly controlled so results are valid and reliable
-lacks ecological validity as done in a lab
Multi store model of memory
2+ , 1-
+research indicates differences between LTM + STM eg. different capacities
+supported by Bharick, Brown, Peterson + Peterson
-too simplistic - Baddeley + Hitch said STM is separated into different stores, Tulving states LTM is divided into semantic + procedural memory
Working model of memory
2+ , 2-
+different areas of the brain used for different tasks eg. visual tasks in posterior regions
+supported by dual task research - can’t complete 2 tasks at the same time that use the same slave systems
-research evidence lacks ecological validity + mundane realism
-central executive is very vague- doesn’t say how information is sorted into the slave systems
Interference (Underwood + Postman, Baddeley + Hitch
1+ , 3-
+lab study, extraneous variables controlled
-lack ecological validity
-lacks mundane realism - could be years between learning the information
-Forgetting in LTM is due to accessibility issues, memory may not be forgotten and may be remembered later in the day
Godden + Baddeley
1+ , 3-
+doesn’t lack ecological validity as was in natural environment
-lacks mundane realism, remembering word lists
-field study, difficult to control extraneous variables
-pp variables not controlled due to independent group design
Goodwin et al.
3+ , 1-
+has ecological validity as was done during a normal training session
+variables were highly contolled eg. all had 111mg/100ml alcohol in blood
+supported by overton
-demand characteristics may have caused pps to act unnaturally
Overton
2+,2-
+research evidence eg. by Goodwin et al
+no risk of demand characteristics
-difficult to generalise animal behaviour to humans
-unethical, give shock to rats
Weapon focus phenomenon
2+,3-
+supported by Yerkes Dodson law
+lab study, control extraneous variables
-ethical issues, pps deceived + may have caused stress seeing a bloody knife
-lab study, lacks ecological validity
-Contradicted by Yuille + Cutshall
Yuille + Cutshall
2+,2-
+supportive research eg. Christianson + Hubinette questioned 110 witnesses to real life bank robberies, found victims were more accurate in recall than onlookers
+High ecological validity, real life
-Study was conducted in Canada, difficult to generalise findings to whole population
-Natural experiment, difficult to control variable, can’t state cause and effect
-Contradicted by Loftus, weapon focus phenomenon
Loftus + Palmer
2+,2-
+lab study, high control
+more ethical because pps only watched video, didn’t actually have a car crash
-Lacks ecological validity
-contradicting evidence eg. Yuille and Cutshall found EWTs accurate even when asking leading questions
Cognitive interview
+support research eg. Fisher et al. trained group of detectives using cognitive interview technique. Gained 47% more info. when using cog. over standard
+Bekerian + Dennett did meta analysis of 27 studies and found in all cog. interview provided more accurate info.
-Not appropriate for everyone eg. Geiselmen found using CI on children under the age of 6 actually made reports less accurate
-Requires training + money
