Memory Development

Question 1

Piaget vs Contemporary view on how memories emerge

Answer 1

Piaget: Only born w/ sensory exp and motor reflexes, knowledge only sensation and action, no symbolic representation
- Recognition occurs first (applying schemas to objects) and children learn recall (requires mental representation)

Contemporary view: Recognition and recall develop at same time

Question 2

Deferred imitation:
- Novel event sequence recall after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months

Answer 2

• 13 (recall after 1 month), 16 (after 6 months), 20 months (after 1 year)

Question 3

Areas of the brain important for memory:
- For consolidation and reactivation
- Long term recall

Answer 3

Hippocampus (Complete by 15 months)

Prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe

Question 4

Language and memory:
- Magic shrinking machine

Answer 4

• 27, 33, 39 months

Question 5

Sense of self:
- Mirror test
Problem?

Answer 5

• 24 months
• No infant could remember location of toy played w/ in prior sessions before developing sense of self

Problem:
- Infantile amnesia persists for at least another 12-18 months after passing test

Question 6

Cortical maturation:
- Learn facts from puppet
Problem?

Answer 6

• 4, 6, 8 years

Problem:
- Cultural variability in onset of autobiographical memory, but not in PFC devel

Question 7

Different organization of knowledge:
- Narrative structure (repetition vs elaboration)

Question 8

How long can infants hold location of an object in their mind before retrieving? (A not B task)
8 months
12 months

Answer 8

1 sec
7 sec

Question 9

Working memory:
- Delayed match retrieval
- Double invisible displacement

Answer 9

• Improvement between 8-10 months
• 24 month children and chimpanzees

Question 10

Capacity limits:
- Novelty-preference paradigm
- 3-4 capacity and speed
- English vs Unfamiliar characters

Answer 10

• 5 (<3) and 12 months (3+)
• Grades 1-5 and adults
• Grades 1-College (WM develops independently from domain-specific knowledge)