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CompTIA Terminology > Memory and Storage (Chapter 3) > Flashcards

Memory and Storage (Chapter 3) Flashcards

1
Q

System memory

A

The memory that the system uses to execute calculations

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2
Q

Data Bus

A

Computational information that will be read/written on RAM by the CPU travels via this bus
- The width of the pathway determines the amount of data transferable per clock cycle
- 64 bits wide

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3
Q

Address Bus

A

The bus in which memory address is transferred
- Width of address bus determines the amount of memory locations the CPU can keep track of
- x32 bit system with 32-bit address bus can access 4GB of memory
- x64 bit system with 48-bit address bus can access 256TB of memory

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4
Q

RAM Types

A

DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory
- needs constant refreshing
SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic RAM
- Synchronized to system clock
DDR SDRAM - Double Data Rate SDRAM
- Synchronized to double the system clock rate

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5
Q

DDR3

A

Data transfer (MT/s) = 800 - 2133
Transfer Rate (Gbps) = 3 - 8
- up to 16BG per DIMM
- 240 pins
- 1.5 - 1.35v

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6
Q

DDR4

A

Data Rate (MT/s) = 1600 - 2133
Transfer Rate (Gbps) = 12 - 25
- up to 64GB per DIMM
- 288 pin
- 1.2v

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7
Q

DDR5

A

Data transfer (MT/s) = 4800 - 6400
Transfer Rate (Gbps) - 64 -128
- up to 128GB per DIMM
- 288 pins
- 1.1V

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8
Q

DIMM

A

Dual Inline Memory Module

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9
Q

SO-DIMM

A

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
- 32 or 64 bit pathways
- used for laptops
DDR3 & 3L
- 204pin
-3L = low voltage SO-DIMM
DDR4
- 260pine
DDR5
-262pin

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10
Q

Parity & ECC RAM

A

Parity RAM
- An error checking method where each byte of memory is accompanied by a ninth bit that is used to check if the data is corrupted
ECC Error Correcting Code
- detects and corrects errors on the fly

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11
Q

Hard Disk Drives (HDD)

A

A devices that provides non-volatile mass storage space via magnetic disks.
- Data is written on concentric rings called tracks
- the tracks are then further divided into sectors. Up to 4096-Byte sectors
- up to 8 TB storage
3.5” used in desktops
2.5” used in laptops

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12
Q

Access Time

A

Speed at which memory can be addressed and utilized

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13
Q

Internal Transfer Rate

A

The read/write operation speed at which the drive is capable of

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14
Q

External Transfer Rate

A

Speed at which data can be transferred to the CPU across the bus

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15
Q

Early-Life Failure Rate

A

Rate at which a device could fail

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16
Q

Mean time Between Failures (MTBF)

A

rating on a devices that predicts the time between failures

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17
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The length of time a device is expected to be operational for

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18
Q

S.M.A.R.T.

A

A standardised Technology across all storage drives designed to alert users of potential disk failure

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19
Q

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

A

A component that allows a storage device to exchange data with a computer via a particular interface such as SATA, NVMe

20
Q

Drive Controller

A

Circuitry in the hard disk that allows the transfer of data from the disk to the CPU/RAM via the HBA

21
Q

SATA

A

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
Storage interface that connects the storage drive to the motherboard
7 pin data cable
15 pin power cable

22
Q

Solid State Drives (SSD)

A

A non-volatile storage devices that has no moving parts but uses chips to store data
- Quieter and more power efficient

23
Q

Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)

A

A protocol created for connecting flash memory devices directly t the PCIe bus
-up to 32Gbps

24
Q

RAID

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disks
- An array of multiple disks that act as fault tolerance and/or increases disk space and speed

25
Q

RAID 0

A

Disk Stripping
an array of disk where parts of the data is written across multiple drives to improve performance by allowing the system to read/write data across all drives at the same time
- requires 2 or more drives
- No fault tolerance
- Storage space is the total sum of all drive storage space capacity

26
Q

RAID 1

A

Disk Mirroring
An array of disks where each main disk has a back up copy
- Fault tolerance
- Requires multiples of 2 disks
- Storage space of half the sum total of all drives disk space capacity

27
Q

RAID 5

A

Disk Stripping with Parity
An array of disks that stores parts of data across all drives with a parity of a portions drive on another drive
- requires 3 drives
- Fault tolerance
- 2/3 of the sum total of all disk space is accessible

28
Q

RAID 10

A

Nested RAID configuration consisting of RAID 0 and RAID 1, where each disk stripping has a mirror disk
- Fault tolerance
- requires at least 4 disk
- half of the sum total of drive disk space is accessible

29
Q

Master Boot Record (MBR)

A

A portion on a disk that stores the disks partitions configuration

30
Q

Global unique ID Partition Table (GPT)

A

Modern partition system that allows large numbers of partitions with large partition sizes

31
Q

Boot Repair Tools

A

Windows system commands using command prompt that attempts to fix system boot issues
bootrec /fixmbr
-attempts to repair MBR
bootrec /fixboot
-attempts to repair boot sector
bootrec /rebuildbcd
- add missing windows installations to boot configuration database (BCD)

32
Q

Dual channel

A

All RAM types and motherboard can support dual channel

33
Q

Triple Channel

A

Only DDR3 and DDR3 compatible motherboard can support triple channel

34
Q

Quad Channel

A

DDR3, DDR4 & DDR5 memory can support quad channel

35
Q

SATA Speed

A

SATA 1 = 1.5Gbps
SATA 2 = 3Gbps
SATA 3 = 6Gbps

36
Q

AHCI

A

Advanced Host Control Interface
- a logical interface (language) designed for SATA drives to be able to communicate with the motherboard
- SATA 3: 6GB

37
Q

M.2

A

SSD form factor that connects the storage drive directly into the motherboard.
- not hot-swappable

38
Q

Wear Leveling

A

A technology for SSD that stores data on different parts of the NAND chips to prevent any single memory location from being over used.

39
Q

Hybrid Drive

A

SSHD
- a drive that contains a solid state drive portion that acts as a large cache that stores frequently used data, and a magnetic drive portion which is used to store less frequent data

40
Q

Hardware RAID Config

A

A method of setting up RAID via an adapter card or via the motherboard UFFI/BIOS setup

41
Q

Software RAID config

A

Windows provides option to setup RAID, uses standard disk and controllers.
Only supported on Windows Professional/Enterprise

42
Q

Command to fix MBR

A

Bootrec /fixmbr

43
Q

Command to fix boot sector

A

Bootrec /fixboot

44
Q

Command to fix missing windows installation

A

Bootrec /rebuildbcd

45
Q

PSU

A

A power supply unit that transforms AC current into DC current into 3.3v, 5v and 12v for different components on the motherboard

CompTIA Terminology (12 decks)

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