CPUs, PSU & System Firmware (Chapter 4) Flashcards
Instruction Set
The machines language code and commands the CPU can process
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
The unit within a CPU that preforms calculations
FPU
Float Point Unit
The unit with a CPU that preforms floating point arithmetic
ARM
Advanced RISC Machine
-Reduced instruction set computer (ARM)
- Designed for 32-bit architecture
- Less power & less heat
- Efficient and fast processing
- mainly used for Mobile & IoT (Internet of things) devices
Cache
Volatile memory that is imbedded into the CPU that preloads instructions from RAM for frequently used processes
L1
- imbedded into the CPU core (On-die)
- Fastest memory, smallest capacity
L2
- imbedded alongside cores
- Slower than L1 but more capacity
L3 & L4
- imbedded next to a set of cores
- Slowest Cache, but has the most capacity
Multitasking
The ability of a operating system to run multiple task at once
Thread
A stream of instructions generated by a software application
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
A system that consists of 2 or more physical CPUs that all run on the same OS
Multithreading
The ability of a CPU to run multiple threads at once
- reduces CPU idle time
- OS thinks there are more cores on the CPU
Clock Speed
the speed at which the CPU can run at
Front Side Bus speed
The Speed at which the bus between the CPU and system memory runs
Throttling
Technology that allows the CPU to adjust its speed to improve performance
- manages the power consumption of the CPU to be more efficient under idle/load times
Virtualization Support (VM)
The ability for a system to run multiple operating systems on the same machine
- Enabled in EUFI via VT (intel) or AMD-V (AMD)
Intel CPU
Consists of conductive pads that connects to the motherboard via Land Grid Array (LGA)
Xeon, Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom
AMD
Consists of pins that connects to the motherboard via Pin Grid Array (PGA)
EPYC, Threadripper, Ryzen, Ryzen Mobile
