CPUs, PSU & System Firmware (Chapter 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Instruction Set

A

The machines language code and commands the CPU can process

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2
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit
The unit within a CPU that preforms calculations

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3
Q

FPU

A

Float Point Unit
The unit with a CPU that preforms floating point arithmetic

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4
Q

ARM

A

Advanced RISC Machine
-Reduced instruction set computer (ARM)
- Designed for 32-bit architecture
- Less power & less heat
- Efficient and fast processing
- mainly used for Mobile & IoT (Internet of things) devices

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5
Q

Cache

A

Volatile memory that is imbedded into the CPU that preloads instructions from RAM for frequently used processes
L1
- imbedded into the CPU core (On-die)
- Fastest memory, smallest capacity
L2
- imbedded alongside cores
- Slower than L1 but more capacity
L3 & L4
- imbedded next to a set of cores
- Slowest Cache, but has the most capacity

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6
Q

Multitasking

A

The ability of a operating system to run multiple task at once

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7
Q

Thread

A

A stream of instructions generated by a software application

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7
Q

Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)

A

A system that consists of 2 or more physical CPUs that all run on the same OS

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8
Q

Multithreading

A

The ability of a CPU to run multiple threads at once
- reduces CPU idle time
- OS thinks there are more cores on the CPU

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9
Q

Clock Speed

A

the speed at which the CPU can run at

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10
Q

Front Side Bus speed

A

The Speed at which the bus between the CPU and system memory runs

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11
Q

Throttling

A

Technology that allows the CPU to adjust its speed to improve performance
- manages the power consumption of the CPU to be more efficient under idle/load times

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12
Q

Virtualization Support (VM)

A

The ability for a system to run multiple operating systems on the same machine (dependent on EUFI (chipset) and CPU)
- Enabled in EUFI via VT (intel) or AMD-V (AMD)

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13
Q

Intel CPU

A

Consists of conductive pads that connects to the motherboard via Land Grid Array (LGA)
Xeon, Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom

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14
Q

AMD

A

Consists of pins that connects to the motherboard via Pin Grid Array (PGA)
EPYC, Threadripper, Ryzen, Ryzen Mobile

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15
Q

System Firmware

A

System software that allows the computer components to be initialized and loads the main OS. It’s stored on the motherboard in a nonvolatile storage chip

16
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System
- A set of instructions set in ROM Chip used to start/configure the most basic services of a computer system

17
Q

UEFI

A

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
- an updated version of BIOS that is design to be more easily accessible

18
Q

BIOS/UEFI Security Options

A

Boot/User Password
- Password required upon each boot up
Supervisor/Administrator Password
- Password required when saving new UEFI configuration

19
Q

Secure Boot

A

A protocol that is used during POST that the UEFI uses to ensure that all system components are safe by validating whether it has a digital signed driver

20
Q

PSU

A

Power supply unit,
Converts AC current into DC current at low voltages to system components
- 3.5v, 5v, 12v

21
Q

Power Requirements Formula

A

The sum of all components power requirements + 50%

22
Q

POST

A

Power On Self-Test
a hardware checking routine that is built into the systems firmware that runs on boot

23
Q

32-bit vs 64-bit OS

A

-Hardware drivers must be of the same type as the OS.
- Only 64-bit systems can bot 32-bit & 64-bit apps
-32-bit app stored: \Program Files(x86)
-64-bit app stored: \Program Files

24
Q

How to enter UEFI/BIOS

A

-On boot hold manufacturer BIOS button
- hold down shift when clicking Restart ( enters window recovery)
- interrupt boot 3 times to prevent windows fast start up

25
Q

Over Current Protection (OCP)

A

A PSU safety feature that cuts the circuit if power exceeds a safe limit
3.3V & 5V
Max A = 20a
Max W = 130 W
12V
Max A = 33a
Max W = 396w

26
Q

Voltage Regulator (VRM)

A

A module on a motherboard that ensure the correct voltage is being supplied to the CPU

27
Q

PSU Power Connector

A

P1 - 24 pin motherboard power
P4 - 4 pin CPU power
P6 - 6 pin PCIe power
P8 - 8 pin Graphics card power