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Behavioral Neuroscience > Memory and Learning > Flashcards

Memory and Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Amnesia

A

Severe memory impairment

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2
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Loss of memories formed before onset of amnesia

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3
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to form memories after onset of a disorder. Pts with this type of amnesia can learn to read mirror-reversed text, verbal task

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4
Q

What structures of the brain are important for declarative memory?

A

Hippocampus
Mammillary bodies
Dorsomedial thalamus

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5
Q

Damage to the medial diencephalon can cause

A

Amnesia

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6
Q

Brain damage can destroy autobiographical memories while

A

Sparing general memories

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7
Q

Declarative memory

A

Facts and information acquired through learning that can be stated or described, used to answer “what” questions

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8
Q

Nondeclarative (procedural) memory

A

Shown by performance rather than recollection, used to answer “how” questions

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9
Q

Medial temporal lobe damage causes damage to

A

Delayed nonmatching to sample task- test of object recognition memory that requires only declaring what they remember

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10
Q

Long term memory has vast capacity but is

A

Subject to distortion

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11
Q

Plastic changes at synapses can be

A

Physiological or structural

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12
Q

Invertebrate nervous systems show

A

Synaptic plasticity

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13
Q

Classical conditioning relies on circuits in the

A

Mammalian cerebellum

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14
Q

Karsakoff’s syndrome is

A

Degenerative disease of memory deficiency caused by damage to mammillary bodies due to lack of thiamine
Seen in chronic alcoholism and conditions with Alzheimer’s disease

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15
Q

Form one part of a pathway for forming declarative memories

A

Mammillary bodies

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16
Q

Damage to any one of the regions on this pathway will result in anterograde amnesia

A

Sensory processing in cortex–> Parahippocampal, entorhinal perirhinal cortex–> Hippocampus–> Medial diencephalon, including mammillary bodies–> Declarative memory storage in cortex

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17
Q

What receptors collaborate in LTP

A

NMDA receptors and AMPA receptors

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18
Q

Declarative memory

A

Semantic and Episodic memory

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19
Q

Semantic memory

A

Generalized declarative memory

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20
Q

Episodic memory

A

Detailed autobiographical memory

21
Q

KC could form new

A

Semantic memories but not episodic memories

22
Q

The processes of memory system

A

Encoding
Consolidation
Retrieval

23
Q

Different types of nondeclarative memory

A

In instrumental conditioning- operant conditioning an association is made between a behavior- instrument response- consequences of the behavior- reward

24
Q

Henry Molaison provided

A

Critical information about neural mechanisms of memory in humans.

25
Q

What was removed from Henry Molaison

A

Bilateral removal of medial temporal lobe structures he lost the ability to form new declarative memories- involving the conscious recollection of events and information
He did retain the ability to form nondeclarative memories- the ability to perform a new behavior is acquired

26
Q

Long term memory can be divided into

A

Declarative memory- facts and information that can be “declared” to others
Nondeclarative memory- demonstrated by performance than conscious recollection

27
Q

Declarative memories can be measured in

A

Monkeys

28
Q

What did pt N.A suffer from

A

Anterograde amnesia- result of a diencephalic injury

29
Q

Larger temporal diencephalic system appears to be important for

A

Declarative memory

30
Q

Pts with Korsakoff’s syndrome exhibit a characteristic amnesia due to

A

Diencephalic and frontal lobe deterioration

31
Q

Kent Cochrane lost

A

Autobiographical memory- following brain trauma, supporting the view that the semantic and episodic (autobiographical) forms of declarative memories seem to involve separable neural substrates

32
Q

Type of learning in which an associated is formed between two stimuli or a stimuli and response
Included classical conditioning and instrumental (operant) conditioning

A

Associative learning

33
Q

Type of learning in which presentation of a particular stimulus alters the strength or probability of a response and includes habitation

A

Nonassociative learning

34
Q

Fleeting and represent the contents of sensory buffers

A

Iconic memories

35
Q

Short term memories

A

Range from seconds to hours

36
Q

Long term memories

A

May last for many years- believed to be prominent memories
*especially when a memorable event has a strong emotional connection

37
Q

Treatment with ______ may be able to prevent PTSD in people subjected to server trauma

A

Adrenergic antagonists

38
Q

Acquisition of skill depends on the

A

Basal Ganglia and sensorimotor learning, also involves the cerebellum and motor cortex

39
Q

Eye blinking condition involves the

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

Enriched condition (EC) rats exhibit increases in

A

Biochemical activity, dendritic branching, synaptic contacts and overall size of brain regions

41
Q

Plasticity is evident in the nervous system of

A

Aplysia- offers the advantages of relative simplicity and the presence of identifiable neurons

42
Q

Training of the Aplysia has demonstrated

A

Changes in synaptic number and function associated with learning

43
Q

Research on eye blink conditioning had led of a

A

A complete neural circuit for this form of learning

44
Q

Eye blinking conditioning a CS (tone) and US(corneal stimulation) becomes associated in

A

Cerebellar circuit that is superordinate to the basic reflect circuit for eye blinking

45
Q

Long term potentiation (LTP)

A

Lasting increase in the magnitude of responses of neurons subsequent to afferent stimulation by high frequency bursts of electricity

46
Q

LTP depends on the activation of

A

NMDA receptors- induce an increase in the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors- greater neurotransmitter release

47
Q

Cellular changes in LTP also appear to involve signaling by

A

Retrograde messengers

48
Q

LTP is the only mechanism in memory formation

A

Does not yet exist

49
Q

Characteristics of LTP resemble those of

A

Memory formation

Behavioral Neuroscience (7 decks)

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