Emotion and Stress Flashcards
Folk psychology
Feeling triggers autonomic reaction
James Lange theory
Autonomic reaction triggers feeling
Stimuli gives rise to specific arousal patterns that we perceive as distinct emotions
Cannon Bare theory
Simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction
Stimuli give rise to distinct arousal and cognitive state simultaneously
Schachter & Singer theory
Cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal
Stimuli provoke nonspecific arousal that is cognitively labeled on the basis of situational cues
Most of the subcortical concentrated are in the
Medial forebrain bundle
Role in addiction
Nucleus accumbens
Releases dopamine and generates feelings of pleasures
Set of medial brain structures involved in the processing of emotions
Limbic system
Originally proposed by Papez as a circuit for emotion processing
Papez circuit
Limbic system includes
Amygdala, hippocampus and cingulate cortex
Lesions of the amygdala
Abolishes this learning
Studies of fear conditioning
Amygdala located in temporal lobe. Critical for appetitive learning
Low road
Fast direct route to the amygdala bypassing conscious processing and allowing immediate reactions to stimuli
High road
Visual areas to the thalamus to the sensory cortex- goes to sensory areas that are slow have a lot more information which conducts cognitive processing
The Schachter and Singer theory of emotion is also called the _____ theory because first circumstances provoke automatic arousal, and then arousal is attributed to a special emotion based on context
Two- factor
Paul Ekman and colleagues have proposed the existence of facial expression ls for eight emotions that are recognized across all societies. Which of the following is not them?
Expectation
Charles Darwin noted that nonhuman have the same facial muscles as humans and proposed that emotional expressions
May have originated in a common ancestor
Decorticate rage refers to
Sudden, intense, poor directed rage that lacks a clear direction
Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love, as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of the
Posterior cingulate and amygdala
The strictures of the Papez circuit of emotion are primarily parts of the ____ system
Limbic
If an animal is being perused by a predator, it’s immune system is suppressed, and it’s psychologically system readies for escape. Would you expect this immune suppression the animal?
No, because the immune system is only temporarily suppressed, allowing the animals resources to go towards survival
When people are shown visual stimuli associated with pain or fear, fear-specific activity is observed in ____ neurons
Amygdala
Which evidence challenges the idea that specific emotions are linked to specific physical responses?
There is no distinctive automatic pattern for each separate emotion
Research indicates that mice show at least ____ different facial expressions in response to different emotional states
Six
The amygdala is crucial for
Emotional learning
What three aspects does emotion encompass?
Feelings
Physiological arousal
Behavioral acts
Removal of the cortex produces
Poor directed and uncoordinated attack behavior known as decorticate (sham) rage
In the Kluver- Bucy syndrome
Lesions involving the temporal lobes (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness, lack of fear, hyperorality, hypersexuality
Papez circuit of emotions includes
Structures of the limbic system- the amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, and anterior thalamus
Stimulation of what sites produce rewarding sensations that transmit dopamine that is implicated key to part of this reward system?
Medial forebrain bundle- midbrain, hypothalamus, forebrain
The amygdala plays important role in fear processing
Receiving direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex
Facial expressions are mediated by
Muscles, cranial nerves, and CNS pathways
Brain lesions also affect
Emotions
What is crucial for emotional learning
Amygdala
T/F different emotions activate different regions of the human brain
True
T/F Brain circuits mediate aggressions
True
Emotion encompasses at least three aspects
Feelings, physiological arousal and behavioral acts
Facial expressions are produced by a complicated set of muscles controlled by
Facial and trigeminal nerves
Removal of the cortex produces
Poorly directed and uncoordinated attack behavior know as decorticate (sham) rage
In Kluver Bucy syndrome
Lesions involving the temporal lobe (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness and lack of fear, hyperorality and hypersexuality
Pape’z circuit of emotion contains many of the structures of the limbic system
Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, anterior thalamus
The amygdala plays an important role in
Fear processing- receives direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex- both project to the lateral nucleus its outputs via the central nucleus influence emotional, hormonal, and autonomic responses to fear stimuli
Aggression and serotonin levels are
Negatively correlated
Decreased serotonin and serotonin metabolite levels are found in humans who have become violent
Human violent has been linked to
Disorders of the temporal lobe and in the case of psychopaths the prefrontal cortex
Hans Selye launched that
Stress is a diverse concept that encompasses stressful stimuli- stress processing system and a stress response
Stress is associated with
Autonomic reactivity accompanied by systematic neuroendocrine changes, increases in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and decreased secretions of testosterone
Exposures to mild stress early in life
Inoculates against the effects of stress later in life- providing evidence for epigenetic influences on the development of the adult stress responses
