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Behavioral Neuroscience > Emotion and Stress > Flashcards

Emotion and Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Folk psychology

A

Feeling triggers autonomic reaction

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2
Q

James Lange theory

A

Autonomic reaction triggers feeling
Stimuli gives rise to specific arousal patterns that we perceive as distinct emotions

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3
Q

Cannon Bare theory

A

Simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction
Stimuli give rise to distinct arousal and cognitive state simultaneously

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4
Q

Schachter & Singer theory

A

Cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal
Stimuli provoke nonspecific arousal that is cognitively labeled on the basis of situational cues

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5
Q

Most of the subcortical concentrated are in the

A

Medial forebrain bundle

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6
Q

Role in addiction

A

Nucleus accumbens
Releases dopamine and generates feelings of pleasures

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7
Q

Set of medial brain structures involved in the processing of emotions

A

Limbic system

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8
Q

Originally proposed by Papez as a circuit for emotion processing

A

Papez circuit

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9
Q

Limbic system includes

A

Amygdala, hippocampus and cingulate cortex

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10
Q

Lesions of the amygdala

A

Abolishes this learning

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11
Q

Studies of fear conditioning

A

Amygdala located in temporal lobe. Critical for appetitive learning

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12
Q

Low road

A

Fast direct route to the amygdala bypassing conscious processing and allowing immediate reactions to stimuli

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13
Q

High road

A

Visual areas to the thalamus to the sensory cortex- goes to sensory areas that are slow have a lot more information which conducts cognitive processing

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14
Q

The Schachter and Singer theory of emotion is also called the _____ theory because first circumstances provoke automatic arousal, and then arousal is attributed to a special emotion based on context

A

Two- factor

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15
Q

Paul Ekman and colleagues have proposed the existence of facial expression ls for eight emotions that are recognized across all societies. Which of the following is not them?

A

Expectation

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16
Q

Charles Darwin noted that nonhuman have the same facial muscles as humans and proposed that emotional expressions

A

May have originated in a common ancestor

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17
Q

Decorticate rage refers to

A

Sudden, intense, poor directed rage that lacks a clear direction

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18
Q

Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love, as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of the

A

Posterior cingulate and amygdala

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19
Q

The strictures of the Papez circuit of emotion are primarily parts of the ____ system

A

Limbic

20
Q

If an animal is being perused by a predator, it’s immune system is suppressed, and it’s psychologically system readies for escape. Would you expect this immune suppression the animal?

A

No, because the immune system is only temporarily suppressed, allowing the animals resources to go towards survival

21
Q

When people are shown visual stimuli associated with pain or fear, fear-specific activity is observed in ____ neurons

A

Amygdala

22
Q

Which evidence challenges the idea that specific emotions are linked to specific physical responses?

A

There is no distinctive automatic pattern for each separate emotion

23
Q

Research indicates that mice show at least ____ different facial expressions in response to different emotional states

A

Six

24
Q

The amygdala is crucial for

A

Emotional learning

25
Q

What three aspects does emotion encompass?

A

Feelings
Physiological arousal
Behavioral acts

26
Q

Removal of the cortex produces

A

Poor directed and uncoordinated attack behavior known as decorticate (sham) rage

27
Q

In the Kluver- Bucy syndrome

A

Lesions involving the temporal lobes (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness, lack of fear, hyperorality, hypersexuality

28
Q

Papez circuit of emotions includes

A

Structures of the limbic system- the amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, and anterior thalamus

29
Q

Stimulation of what sites produce rewarding sensations that transmit dopamine that is implicated key to part of this reward system?

A

Medial forebrain bundle- midbrain, hypothalamus, forebrain

30
Q

The amygdala plays important role in fear processing

A

Receiving direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex

31
Q

Facial expressions are mediated by

A

Muscles, cranial nerves, and CNS pathways

32
Q

Brain lesions also affect

A

Emotions

33
Q

What is crucial for emotional learning

A

Amygdala

34
Q

T/F different emotions activate different regions of the human brain

A

True

35
Q

T/F Brain circuits mediate aggressions

A

True

36
Q

Emotion encompasses at least three aspects

A

Feelings, physiological arousal and behavioral acts

37
Q

Facial expressions are produced by a complicated set of muscles controlled by

A

Facial and trigeminal nerves

38
Q

Removal of the cortex produces

A

Poorly directed and uncoordinated attack behavior know as decorticate (sham) rage

39
Q

In Kluver Bucy syndrome

A

Lesions involving the temporal lobe (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness and lack of fear, hyperorality and hypersexuality

40
Q

Pape’z circuit of emotion contains many of the structures of the limbic system

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, anterior thalamus

41
Q

The amygdala plays an important role in

A

Fear processing- receives direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex- both project to the lateral nucleus its outputs via the central nucleus influence emotional, hormonal, and autonomic responses to fear stimuli

42
Q

Aggression and serotonin levels are

A

Negatively correlated
Decreased serotonin and serotonin metabolite levels are found in humans who have become violent

43
Q

Human violent has been linked to

A

Disorders of the temporal lobe and in the case of psychopaths the prefrontal cortex

44
Q

Hans Selye launched that

A

Stress is a diverse concept that encompasses stressful stimuli- stress processing system and a stress response

45
Q

Stress is associated with

A

Autonomic reactivity accompanied by systematic neuroendocrine changes, increases in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and decreased secretions of testosterone

46
Q

Exposures to mild stress early in life

A

Inoculates against the effects of stress later in life- providing evidence for epigenetic influences on the development of the adult stress responses

Behavioral Neuroscience (7 decks)

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