Memory and Language-Lecture 3

Question 1

Problems with Multi-Modal Model

Answer 1

1. STM=unitary workspace with storage and manipulation of info competing for limited capacity STM
2. Simple rehearsal does not ensure LTM storage
3. STM is not necessary for transfer to LTM, patients without STM can still acquire LTM
4. If STM is general working memory, the impairment should result in serious disruptio of complex cognitive tasks

Question 2

Working Memory

Answer 2

composed of 3 components (independent of each other and limited capacity): Central executive, Phonological loop, Visuo-spatial Sketchpad (also an episodic buffer whih holds and integrates diverse information)
STM is in working memory, but not all of working memory

Question 3

Central Executive of Working Memory

Answer 3

• modality-free
• central pool of mental resources
• control and decision processes (attention)
• no real storage
• Limited capacity attentional system
• Most important and most active
• probably located in the pre-frontal cortex

Question 4

Phonological Loop of Working Memory

Answer 4

-Two Primary structures
1.phonological store (inner ear)
speech based; limited in time and capacity
2. Articulatory loop (inner voice)
active rehearsal; linked to speech
-Purpose: language acqusition device
used for learning a new language

Question 5

Visuo-spatial sketchpad of Working Memory

Answer 5

• Limited capacity system for processing spatial, visual and kinesthetic information
• 2 components
  
  • visual cache: visual information about form and color
  • inner scribe: spatial and movement information; rehearsal
• Main task: construction, maintenance and manipulation of mental images

Question 6

Task of Central Executive

Answer 6

• direct attention to task at hand
• switching between strategies
• monitoring behaviour
• time-sharing between multiple tasks
• selective attention and inhibition

Question 7

Episodic Buffer of Working Memory

Answer 7

• integrates information into complex structure
• can hold about 4 pieces of info in multidimensional code
• assists in binding (integrating information about location, color, size, etc of objects and scenes
• When image is based on LTM knowledges, hardly disruption from concurrent visuo-spatial tapping task
• interacts with both perception and LTM