Memory and Cognitive Part II Flashcards
what is Korsakoff’s syndrome?
Irreversible damage to medial thalamus + mamillary bodies
what is the common cause of Korsakof’s syndrome?
vitamin B1 defiency
what leads to vitamin B1 deficiency in Karsokoff syndrome?
Chronic alcoholism (toxicity of alcohol)
what is confabulation?
confusion between memory and imagination)
what are the chances of recovery from Karsokoff’s syndrome?
little to no chance
what is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?
attending to stimuli and integrating visual, auditory and somatosensory info (important for attention) (Where is it?)
what does posterior parietal cortex damage result in?
neglect
what does sensory neglect mean?
incoming sensory information from the contralateral hemispace is ignored
what does conceptual neglect mean?
neglect of the body and the external world in the contralateral hemifield
what is hemiasomatognosia?
when a patient dies the affected side of their body belongs to them
what does motor neglect mean?
fewer movements in the contralateral space
what is the role of the temporal cortex?
Identifying the nature of stimuli
(What is it?)
what is agnosia?
an inability to recognize sensory stimuli.
what does damage to the inferior temporal cortex lead to?
- visual agnosia (patient can see, but not identify)
- prosopagnosia (cant identify someone by their face, but other cues like voice etc)
what does damage to the middle temporal cortex lead to?
movement agnosia (cannot distinguish between moving and stationary)
what is the role of the frontal cortex?
Selecting and planning an
appropriate response
(What to do about it?)
when does the prefrontal cortex develop?
in very late 20s-30s (that why mental health condition develop late)
what is the role of the ventral part of the prefrontal cortex?
regulates emotion
what is the role of the dorsal part of the prefrontal cortex?
regulate thought and attention
what produces dopamine in the reward circuit?
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
what does the executive function in the prefrontal cortex do?
– Long-term planning
– Withholding impulsive behaviour
– ‘Cognitive control’
how is the executive function important in pathologies?
- Addiction
- Personality Disorders
- Dementia
- everyday behaviours
what is dysarthria?
Difficulty moving the muscles of the
face + tongue that mediates speaking
what is aphasia?
difficulty in naming objects and the repetition of words is impaired. (difficulty with language)
what is Wernicke’s Area?
area in the brain that helps with understanding language
what is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
unable to understand language (fluent speech, but makes no sense)
what causes the damage to Wernicke’s area?
*often as a result of stroke
*branches of the middle cerebral artery
which therapy helps in Wernicke’s Aphasia?
Tactus therapy
what is Broca’s area?
the area in the frontal cortex that is responsible for creating language
what is Broca’s aphasia?
difficulty in constructing their speech
