Memory and Cognitive Part I

Question 1

what is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 1

loss of memories from before trauma or event

Question 2

what is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 2

inability to form new declarative memories

Question 3

what is transient global amnesia?

Answer 3

acute onset anterograde amnesia that is temporary

Question 4

what causes anterograde amnesia?

Answer 4

absence of hippocampus, destroyed by viral encephalitis

Question 5

what are the two types of memory?

Answer 5

explicit and implicit

Question 6

what are the characteristics of explicit?

Answer 6

declarative, conscious and deliberate

Question 7

what are the characteristics of implicit?

Answer 7

non-declarative, unconscious and automatic

Question 8

what does explicit branches into?

Answer 8

semantic (knowing facts) and episodic (recalling experiences)

Question 9

what does implicit branches into?

Answer 9

procedura (habits,skills), motor (co-ordination) and emotional (clssical conditioning)

Question 10

what are the basic principles of memory formation? (3 stage model)

Answer 10

1. encoding
2. storage
3. retrieval

Question 11

what is encoding?

Answer 11

turning sensory info into neuronal activity

Question 12

what are examples of specilised sensory structures?

Answer 12

• Rods and cones in the eye
• Hair cells in the ear

Question 13

where is memory stored?

Answer 13

in the neocortex

Question 14

where does the explicit takes place?

Answer 14

medial temporal lobe (hippocampus)

Question 15

what does the hippocampus do?

Answer 15

explicit/declarative memory formation and active site for neurogenesis

Question 16

What does the Striatum do?

Answer 16

involve in decision making functions
*Procedural Memory
* Motivation
* Reward
* Reinforcement
* Motor responses to the above

Question 17

where does the motor memory take place?

Answer 17

cerebellum

Question 18

where does the emotional memory take place?

Answer 18

the limbic system

Question 19

what is included in the limbic system?

Answer 19

Amygdala, cingulate, hypothalamus, septum, hippocampus

Question 19

what does the amygdala do?

Answer 19

a major processing centre for emotion (mainly fear/danger)

Question 20

what are the types of memory?

Answer 20

short-term, working and long-term

Question 21

what is retrival in the 3-stage model?

Answer 21

‘Schema’
* Related pieces of knowledge are stored together
* New knowledge is matched to similar existing knowledge