Memory and Cognitive Part I Flashcards
what is retrograde amnesia?
loss of memories from before trauma or event
what is anterograde amnesia?
inability to form new declarative memories
what is transient global amnesia?
acute onset anterograde amnesia that is temporary
what causes anterograde amnesia?
absence of hippocampus, destroyed by viral encephalitis
what are the two types of memory?
explicit and implicit
what are the characteristics of explicit?
declarative, conscious and deliberate
what are the characteristics of implicit?
non-declarative, unconscious and automatic
what does explicit branches into?
semantic (knowing facts) and episodic (recalling experiences)
what does implicit branches into?
procedura (habits,skills), motor (co-ordination) and emotional (clssical conditioning)
what are the basic principles of memory formation? (3 stage model)
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
what is encoding?
turning sensory info into neuronal activity
what are examples of specilised sensory structures?
- Rods and cones in the eye
- Hair cells in the ear
where is memory stored?
in the neocortex
where does the explicit takes place?
medial temporal lobe (hippocampus)
what does the hippocampus do?
explicit/declarative memory formation and active site for neurogenesis
What does the Striatum do?
involve in decision making functions
*Procedural Memory
* Motivation
* Reward
* Reinforcement
* Motor responses to the above
where does the motor memory take place?
cerebellum
where does the emotional memory take place?
the limbic system
what is included in the limbic system?
Amygdala, cingulate, hypothalamus, septum, hippocampus
what does the amygdala do?
a major processing centre for emotion (mainly fear/danger)
what are the types of memory?
short-term, working and long-term
what is retrival in the 3-stage model?
‘Schema’
* Related pieces of knowledge are stored together
* New knowledge is matched to similar existing knowledge
