Memory Flashcards
Retrograde amnesia
loss of pre-existing, declarative memories or inability to retrieve them
Anterograde amnesia
~ inability to learn new things due to an encoding problem
~ impaired consolidation of declarative memories (from STM to LTM)
~ acquisition normally spared
Transient global amnesia (TGA)
~ concurrent anterograde and retrograde amnesia spanning weeks, months or years
~ caused by ischemia
~ STM spared
~ usually recover in 24-48hrs
Ischemia
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
Explicit memory
a. k.a. declarative memory
e. g. episodic (events) and somatic (facts, language etc.)
Implicit memory
a. k.a. non-declarative memory
e. g. procedural, priming, classical conditioning, non-associative learning (habituation) etc.
Sensory memory
Duration: 250-500ms
Encoding: sense-specific
Short-term memory
Duration: up to 18 seconds
Encoding: mainly auditory
Capacity: 7ish
Long-term memory
Duration: unlimited
Encoding: mainly semantic
Capacity: unlimited
Maintenance rehersal
repeating a telephone number until it has been dialled
Elaborative rehersal
engagement of higher order strategies to memorise the stimuli
Primary effect
more likely to remember first items on a list because retrieved from long term memory
Recency effect
more likely to remember last item on a list because retrieved from STM
What areas are involved in memory? (5)
~ medial temporal lobe ~ frontal cortex ~ medial parietal ~ lateral posterior parietal cortex ~ hippocampus (new memory formation)
How is the frontal cortex used in memory?
(Nyberg et al., 1996)
~ episodic memory is encoded (left) and retrieved (right)
~ semantic memory is encoded and retrieved (left)
