L4 - Emotion

Question 1

What is emotion composed on?

Answer 1

~ peripheral physiological response –> autonomic system (ANS)
~ behavioural response –> somatic system (SNS)
~ subjective experience or feeling

Question 2

Component process model

Answer 2

Scherer
~ must be an eliciting stimulus/event (external or internal)
~ s/e must be relevant to individual
~ most of the 5 component must show interrelated changes
~ one of the ‘appraisal theories’

Question 3

What are the 5 components postulated by Scherer?

Answer 3

~ cognitive component
~ neurophysiological component
~ motivational component
~ subjective feeling component
~ motor expression component

Question 4

Cognitive component

Answer 4

~ less agreed on amount researchers
~ evaluation of objects/events + information processing
~ CNS

Question 5

Neurophysiological component

Answer 5

~ bodily systems regulation

~ CNS, ANS

Question 6

Motivational component

Answer 6

~ action tendencies + preparation and direction of action

~ CNS

Question 7

Subjective feeling component

Answer 7

~ emotion experience + monitoring internal state and organism-environement interactions
~ CNS

Question 8

Motor expression component

Answer 8

~ facial and vocal expression (communication of reaction and behavioural intention)
~ SNS

Question 9

Emotion categories

Answer 9

~ basic emotions are made up of innate emotions with their own facial expressions
~ cross-cultural studies lead to 6 basic human emotions: happiness, surprise, anger, fear, disgust, sadness
(Ekman, 1960s)

Question 10

Complex emotions…

Answer 10

vary among cultures

Ortigue et al., 2010

Question 11

Emotional valence

Answer 11

the extent to which an emotional stimulus is positive or negative

Question 12

Arousal

Answer 12

the physiological activation associated with emotional valence

Question 13

James-Lange theory

Answer 13

1890

bodily and behavioural reactions give rise to the emotions we feel

Question 14

Cannon-Bard

Answer 14

1920s
thalamus receives sensory info about an external threat/stimulus and project simultaneously down tot he hypothalamus (sympathetic system, physiological reactions) and up to the cortex (interpretation, evaluation)

Question 15

What findings lead to the Cannon-Bard theory?

Answer 15

1. animals showed emotions after removal of cerebral hemispheres
2. electrical stimulation of hypothalamus showed emotional responses
3. resection of cortex and thalamus at lower levels eliminated anger responses

Question 16

What are the components of the limbic system? (7)

Answer 16

~ corpus callous
~ orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
~ hypothalamus
~ amygdala
~ cingulate gyrus
~ thalamus
~ hippocampus

Question 17

Paper circuit

Answer 17

1937
expanded circuitry:
hypothalamus –> anterior thalamus –> cingulate cortex

Question 18

Cingulate cortex

Answer 18

sensory info and physiological info converge going rise to conscious experience of emotion

Question 19

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 19

1930s
removal of temporal lobes:
~ anomalous feeding behaviour (inedible objects)
~ anomalous sexual behaviour (diff. species)
~ no fear (of snakes/humans)

Question 20

What was discovered later about Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 20

Weistrantz (1950s)

responsible structure was amygdala

Question 21

MacLean theory of emotion (3 + date)

Answer 21

1950
~ ‘visceral brain’ response for emotion and localised in limbic system
~ added orbitofrontal cortex & amygdala to limbic system
~ major role of hippocampus in expression of emotion (not true)