L3 - Language

Question 1

Function of Wernicke’s area

Answer 1

~ left half
~ language comprehension
~ meaning retrieval
~ connections between words and meanings

Question 2

Broca area

Answer 2

~ left half
~ motor speech
~ word retrieval and selection
~ combination of words into grammatically correct sentences
~ comprehension of gramma

Question 3

Damage in Broca’s area leads to…

Answer 3

~ difficult in finding correct words, combining and pronouncing
~ comprehension problems too (gramma)
e.g. the dog was bitten by the old lady –> the dog bit the old lady

Question 4

Which areas are involved in Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 4

~ Broca’s area
~ Insula
~ Basal ganglia

Question 5

Damage in Wernicke’s area leads to…

Answer 5

~ no trouble speaking (fluently)
~ utterances don’t make sense
~ loose spoken word representation & don’t understand what is said

Question 6

Lichtheim’s model (describe M, B, A)

Answer 6

M = centre where how a word is spoken is stored = damage leads to Broca

Question 7

Lichtheim’s model (describe A)

Answer 7

A = auditory sound representation (sounds) = dlt Wernicke’s

Question 8

Lichtheim’s model (describe B)

Answer 8

B = stored word meaning (temporal lobe)

Question 9

What causes Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 9

lesions NOT RESTRICTED TO the Wernicke’s area, surrounding cortex, posterior temporal lobe & arcuate fasciculus

Question 10

Arcuate fasciculus

Answer 10

made up of axons that connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas together

Question 11

Conduction aphasia

Answer 11

~ cannot repeat words but can understand

~ broken link between A and M

Question 12

Global aphasia

Answer 12

~ cannot understand & cannot speak

Question 13

Transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 13

~ can repeat words, when speaking words are jumbled & sentences meaningless
~ broken link between B and M

Question 14

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 14

~ intact repetition, fluent speech but impaired comprehension
~ broken link between A and B

Question 15

Pure word deafness (auditory verbal agnosia)

Answer 15

~ inability to understand spoken word but can recognise and respond to sounds
~ perception level damage (auditory to A)

Question 16

Dysartria

Answer 16

~ unclear articulation of speech

~ perception level damage (M to motor)

Question 17

Connectionist model

Answer 17

We recognise words using networks
e.g. word, letter and feature nodes & inhibitory and excitatory connections
(McClelland & Rumelhart, 1986)

Question 18

What are the factors that affect word processing?

Answer 18

~ Lexical neighbours
~ Co-occuring words
~ semantically associated words