Memory Flashcards
Define memory
memory is an active processing system that records, encodes, stores and recovers information when required.
What is encoding
encoding refers to the process of putting information into a form which would allow it to fit into your personal storage system
What is storing .
Storage is keeping information in the brain so that we can use it later on, we save it in an organised way so it is easier to retrieve later on like saving it to a hard drive of a computer.
What is retrieval
the process of getting information back from memory so we can use it. Retrievak relies on the right cues so that we can get to the correct location of the stores memory in our brains.
What is the atkinson shiffrin model of multi store memory
a model of memory which suggests that memory is comprised of the different memory stores: a sensory store, a short term memory store and a long term memory store
Define sensory memory
sensory memory is a very brief memory store.
Information enters the register and may then be transferred to the short term memory if a person pays attention to it.
It is an exact replica of our world
Define short term memory
Short term memory is a limited store of actively conscious memory.
Information is then transferred into long term memory if it has been encoded
Define long term memory
long term memory is a permanent memory store with virtually limitless capacity. It needs retrieval to bring it back into conscious awareness.
What is the duration and capacity of sensory memory
d: 0.2-4 seconds
c: unlimited
WHAT IS THE DURATION AND CAPACITY OF SHORT TERM MEMORY
d: 18-30 seconds
5-9 items
What is the duration and capacity of long term memory
d: ulimited ( can take 30 minutes to be consolidated however)
c: unlimited
what are the two forms of sensory memory
iconic: visual
echoic: auditory
what is iconic memory
A visual form of memory
unlimited capacity
duration 0.2-0.4
what is echoic memory
auditory sensory memory
unlimited capacity
duration 3-4 seconds
what is a method to increase the duration of short term memory
rehersal
what is a way to increase capacity of sim
chunking
What are the two forms of rehearsal
maintenance and elaborative
what is maintenance rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal is simple rote repetition of information to help retain t in short term memory
what is elaborative rehearsal
adding meaning to information or linking it to pre-existing long term information to help it be encoded into long term memory (making an acronym of a word)
what is chunking
grouping individual pieces of information into small chunks or units to increase the capacity of short term memory
what are the types of long term memory
declarative memory
procedural memory
what is procedural memory
knowing ‘how’ to do something, something gin steps
what is declarative memory
“i know that”,
what are the two divisions of declarative memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
what is semantic memory
facts
what is episodic memory
autobiographical events/personal
what is explicit memory
those that require conscious effort (declarative memories)
what is implicit memory
those that form unconsciously (procedural memories) The cerebellum encodes implicit memories
what is the role of the hippocampus in memory
elodea explicit memories
what does the amygdala do in memory
helps retrieve explicit (declarative) memories especially those which are emotionally driven
what is the role of the cerebellum in memory
helps encode implicit (procedural) memories
what is the cerebral cortices role in memory
processing short term memories
linking memories to other memories
stroll of memories
define neurodegenrative disease
.
define Alzheimers disease
a neurodegenerative disease that results from a loss of neurons in the hippocampus and causes memory loss and personality change
What causes Alzheimers disease
- Amyloid plaques (protein deposits)
- Neurofibirillary tangles
- cortical ‘shrinkage’
- balance in acetocolyne `
What are the behavioural affects of alzheimers
memory loss
personality change
confusion & disorientation
repitition
Whats anterograde amnesia
damage to hippocampus
an inhibility to form new memories following an accident
WHAT IS RETROGRADE AMNESIA
The inability to retrieve previously stored memories
What is the ways to retrieve informaion
recall: free, cued recall, serial recall
recognition
reconstruction
relearning
what is ost effective to leaset
relearning
recognition
recall
reconstruction
What is context dependent cues
place to help remember
What is state dependant cues
emotional state to help remember
what is maintenance rehearsal
repeating continuously (stays in STM)
What is elaborative rehearsal
Making it meaningful, linking to something already in LTM
What is the serial position effect
recall first and last info best and middle items worst
What is Loftus’ research suggest about memory
Leading question
Eye-witness testimony
What is leading question
a specifically worded question to make an eye witness answer in a particular way
