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Psychology 3/4 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Define memory

A

memory is an active processing system that records, encodes, stores and recovers information when required.

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2
Q

What is encoding

A

encoding refers to the process of putting information into a form which would allow it to fit into your personal storage system

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3
Q

What is storing .

A

Storage is keeping information in the brain so that we can use it later on, we save it in an organised way so it is easier to retrieve later on like saving it to a hard drive of a computer.

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4
Q

What is retrieval

A

the process of getting information back from memory so we can use it. Retrievak relies on the right cues so that we can get to the correct location of the stores memory in our brains.

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5
Q

What is the atkinson shiffrin model of multi store memory

A

a model of memory which suggests that memory is comprised of the different memory stores: a sensory store, a short term memory store and a long term memory store

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6
Q

Define sensory memory

A

sensory memory is a very brief memory store.

Information enters the register and may then be transferred to the short term memory if a person pays attention to it.

It is an exact replica of our world

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7
Q

Define short term memory

A

Short term memory is a limited store of actively conscious memory.

Information is then transferred into long term memory if it has been encoded

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8
Q

Define long term memory

A

long term memory is a permanent memory store with virtually limitless capacity. It needs retrieval to bring it back into conscious awareness.

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9
Q

What is the duration and capacity of sensory memory

A

d: 0.2-4 seconds
c: unlimited

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE DURATION AND CAPACITY OF SHORT TERM MEMORY

A

d: 18-30 seconds

5-9 items

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11
Q

What is the duration and capacity of long term memory

A

d: ulimited ( can take 30 minutes to be consolidated however)
c: unlimited

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12
Q

what are the two forms of sensory memory

A

iconic: visual
echoic: auditory

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13
Q

what is iconic memory

A

A visual form of memory
unlimited capacity
duration 0.2-0.4

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14
Q

what is echoic memory

A

auditory sensory memory
unlimited capacity
duration 3-4 seconds

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15
Q

what is a method to increase the duration of short term memory

A

rehersal

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16
Q

what is a way to increase capacity of sim

A

chunking

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17
Q

What are the two forms of rehearsal

A

maintenance and elaborative

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18
Q

what is maintenance rehearsal

A

maintenance rehearsal is simple rote repetition of information to help retain t in short term memory

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19
Q

what is elaborative rehearsal

A

adding meaning to information or linking it to pre-existing long term information to help it be encoded into long term memory (making an acronym of a word)

20
Q

what is chunking

A

grouping individual pieces of information into small chunks or units to increase the capacity of short term memory

21
Q

what are the types of long term memory

A

declarative memory

procedural memory

22
Q

what is procedural memory

A

knowing ‘how’ to do something, something gin steps

23
Q

what is declarative memory

A

“i know that”,

24
Q

what are the two divisions of declarative memory

A

semantic memory

episodic memory

25
Q

what is semantic memory

A

facts

26
Q

what is episodic memory

A

autobiographical events/personal

27
Q

what is explicit memory

A

those that require conscious effort (declarative memories)

28
Q

what is implicit memory

A

those that form unconsciously (procedural memories) The cerebellum encodes implicit memories

29
Q

what is the role of the hippocampus in memory

A

elodea explicit memories

30
Q

what does the amygdala do in memory

A

helps retrieve explicit (declarative) memories especially those which are emotionally driven

31
Q

what is the role of the cerebellum in memory

A

helps encode implicit (procedural) memories

32
Q

what is the cerebral cortices role in memory

A

processing short term memories
linking memories to other memories
stroll of memories

33
Q

define neurodegenrative disease

A

.

34
Q

define Alzheimers disease

A

a neurodegenerative disease that results from a loss of neurons in the hippocampus and causes memory loss and personality change

35
Q

What causes Alzheimers disease

A
  • Amyloid plaques (protein deposits)
  • Neurofibirillary tangles
  • cortical ‘shrinkage’
  • balance in acetocolyne `
36
Q

What are the behavioural affects of alzheimers

A

memory loss
personality change
confusion & disorientation
repitition

37
Q

Whats anterograde amnesia

A

damage to hippocampus

an inhibility to form new memories following an accident

38
Q

WHAT IS RETROGRADE AMNESIA

A

The inability to retrieve previously stored memories

39
Q

What is the ways to retrieve informaion

A

recall: free, cued recall, serial recall
recognition
reconstruction
relearning

40
Q

what is ost effective to leaset

A

relearning
recognition
recall
reconstruction

41
Q

What is context dependent cues

A

place to help remember

42
Q

What is state dependant cues

A

emotional state to help remember

43
Q

what is maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating continuously (stays in STM)

44
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal

A

Making it meaningful, linking to something already in LTM

45
Q

What is the serial position effect

A

recall first and last info best and middle items worst

46
Q

What is Loftus’ research suggest about memory

A

Leading question

Eye-witness testimony

47
Q

What is leading question

A

a specifically worded question to make an eye witness answer in a particular way

Psychology 3/4 (8 decks)

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