Memory

Question 1

explanations for forgetting

Answer 1

retrieval failure and interference

Question 2

retrieval failure

Answer 2

absence of cues, unable to access the cue to retrieve the memory

• encoding specific detail
• remember the context
• remember the state

Question 3

interference

Answer 3

one memory disrupting the ability to recall another, most likely to occur with similar memories

• proactive interference
• retroactive interference

Question 4

proactive interference

Answer 4

past learning interferes with current attempts

Question 5

retroactive interference

Answer 5

current attempts to learn something interferes with past learning

Question 6

capacity

Answer 6

how much can be held in memory, bits of information such as number of digits

Question 7

coding

Answer 7

way information is changed so it can be stored in memory

Question 8

duration

Answer 8

how long a memory can last before it is no longer available

Question 9

working memory model

Answer 9

central executive
episodic buffer - long term memory
visuo-spatial sketchpad
phonological loop

Question 10

Central executive

Answer 10

Monitors and coordinates all other mental function in working memory
Limited capacity

Question 11

Episodic buffer

Answer 11

• baddely added in 2000, temporary store
• integrating visual, spatial and verbal info
• maintains time sequence
• seen as storage component of CE

Question 12

Visuo-spatial sketch pad

Answer 12

• stores info visually
• limited capacity
• baddely says 3-4 objects
• Visuo cash, store information
• inner scribe, records arrangement of objects

Question 13

Phonological loop

Answer 13

• acoustic coding
• preserves order in which info arrives
• split into phonological store (words) and articulatory process (maintenance rehearsal)
• allows maintenance rehearsal in loop, 2 seconds

Question 14

Short term memory

Answer 14

Limited capacity, coding mainly acoustic, capacity is between 5 and 9, duration between 18-30 seconds

Question 15

Long term memory

Answer 15

Permanent memory store, coding mainly semantic, unlimited capacity and; can store memories for up to a lifetime

Question 16

Semantic memory

Answer 16

Long term memory store, knowledge of the world, facts, words and concepts

Question 17

Procedural

Answer 17

Long term memory, how to do things, memories of learned skills, recall without conscious of deliberate effort

Question 18

Cues

Answer 18

A trigger of information that allows us to access a memory

Question 19

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 19

The ability of people to remember the details of events which they have observed

Question 20

Misleading questions

Answer 20

Incorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event

Question 21

Leading questions

Answer 21

A question because of the way it is phrased suggests a certain answer

Question 22

Post-event discussion

Answer 22

Occurs when there is more than one witness to an event, witnesses may discuss what they have seen with co-witnesses etc

Question 23

Anxiety

Answer 23

Emotion includes worried thoughts and feelings of tension. Physical changes include increase heart rate and sweatiness. Normally reaction for stressful situation

Question 24

Cognitive interview

Answer 24

Method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories.

Question 25

4 techniques of cognitive interview

Answer 25

Report everything
Reinstate the context
Reverse the order
Change perspective

Question 26

Episodic memory

Answer 26

Store for personal events, memories have to be retrieved consciously and with effort. Memories of events, people, objects, places and behaviours involved