Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Science

A

A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation, aim to discover general laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Introspection

A

First systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Behaviourist approach

A

A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning be association, occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together, - unconditioned stimulus and a new neutral stimulus, eventually producing the same response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Operant conditioning

A

A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences (positive/negative reinforcement or punishment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reinforcement

A

A consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. Can be positive or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mediational processes

A 
Cognitive factors (thinking) that influence learning,
Attention 
Retention
Motor reproduction 
Motivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Social learning theory

A

A way of explaining behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement, combining leading theory with the role of cognitive factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Imitation

A

Copying the behaviour of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Identification

A

When an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Modelling

A

Imitating the behaviour of a role model or precise demonstration of a specific behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mediational process: attention

A

The extent to which we notice certain behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mediational process: retention

A

How well the behaviour is remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mediational process: motor reproduction

A

The ability of the observer to be form the behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mediational process: motivation

A

Will to perform, determined by reward or punishment

17
Q

Cognitive approach

A

Mental processes (thoughts, perception, attention) affecting behaviour

18
Q

Internal mental process

A

Private operations of the mind such as perception and attention that mediate between stimulus and response

19
Q

Scheme

A

Mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing, developed from experience

20
Q

Inference

A

Process where cognitive psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour

21
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes

22
Q

Biological approach

A

Perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body such as genetic inheritance and neural function

23
Q

Genes

A

Make up chromosomes and consist of DNA which codes the physical features of an organism (eye couloir or height) & psychological features (mental disorder or intelligence)

24
Q

Biological structure

A

An arrangement or organisation of parts to form an organ, system or living thing

25
Q

Neurochemistry

A

Relating to chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological functioning

26
Q

Genotype

A

The particular set of genes that a perish possesses

27
Q

Phenotype

A

The characteristics me of an individual determined by both genes and the environment

28
Q

Evolution

A

The changes in inherited characteristics in a biological population over successive generations

29
Q

Nervous system

A

Consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

30
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain and the spinal cord and is the origin of all complex commands and decisions

31
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Send information to the CNS from the outside world, and transmits messages from CNS to muscles and glands

32
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Transmits information from receptor cells in the sense organs to the CNS, also records information from CNS, directs muscles to act

33
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Transmits information to and from internal bodily organs, system predates automatically. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

34
Q

Neuton

A

Basic building blocks of the nervous system, neutrons are nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

35
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry messages from PNS to the CNS, long dendrites and short axons

36
Q

Relay neurons

A

Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons, short dendrites and short axons

37
Q

Motor neuron

A

Connect CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands, short dendrites and long axons

38
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those functions affecting behaviour

Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions