memory Flashcards

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1
Q

is the ability to retain information through encoding, storing, and retrieving.

A

memory

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2
Q

three memory processes:

1. putting information into memory

A

encoding

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3
Q

three memory processes:

2. holding onto information for some period of time

A

storing

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4
Q

three memory processes:

3. getting information out of storage

A

retrieving

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5
Q

three stages of memory:

1. the information will last from one second to fifteen seconds

A

sensory memory

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6
Q

three stages of memory:

2. the information will last from fifteen seconds to few hours

A

short term memory

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7
Q

three stages of memory:

3. the information will last for a long period of time or indefinitely

A

long term memory

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8
Q

types of sensory memory:

1. the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli. (sound)

A

echoic

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9
Q

types of sensory memory:

2. the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of visual stimuli. (image)

A

iconic

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10
Q
function of short term memory:
1. decides if an information is important.
A

attention

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11
Q
function of short term memory:
2. is the process where information is kept in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.
A

rehearsing

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12
Q

`function of short term memory:

3. storing information

A

storing

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13
Q
function of short term memory:
4. a process by which a person organizes material into meaningful groups.
A

chunking

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14
Q

types of long term memory :
1. that involves memories from factors or events.
(sometimes referred to as explicit memory) refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.

A

declarative

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15
Q

a. knowledge of facts, concepts, words, definitions, and language.

A

semantic

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16
Q

b. knowledge of specific events, experiences, or activities.

A

episodic

17
Q

types of long term memory

2. memories for skills, habits, and things learned through conditioning.

A

procedural

18
Q

inability to retrieve, recall, or organize information

A

forgetting

19
Q

exceptional forms of memories:

1. refers to individuals with exceptional memory.

A

memorists

20
Q

exceptional forms of memories:

2. individuals who possess eidetic imagery power

A

eidetikers

21
Q

exceptional forms of memories:

3. is where the memory breaks down such as amnesia

A

memory disorder

22
Q

theories of forgetting:

1. the cause of forgetting is information learned earlier of later

A

interference theory

23
Q

theories of forgetting:

2. due to lapse of time

A

decay theory

24
Q

theories of forgetting:

3. the memory things are present, but one just cannot bring out the information (esp. if the cues are absent)

A

retrieval based forgetting

25
Q

theories of forgetting:
4. this is due to the distortion of learned information in the long-term memory like if alternations and changes occurred.

A

storage based forgetting

26
Q

theories of forgetting:

5. a purposeful or voluntary process of blocking the information learned.

A

motivated forgetting

27
Q

forms of amnesia:

1. refers to the inability to form new permanent memories like remembering the name of their physicians.

A

anterograde amnesia

28
Q

forms of amnesia:

2. refers to the inability to reproduce and recall pieces of information learned prior to the amnesia

A

retrograde amnesia

29
Q

is a rare form of amnesia which is a memory disorder brought about by emotionally disturbing event.

A

psychogenic amnesia

30
Q

refers to the manipulation of mental representations of information. it is everything that the conscious mind does. that would include perception, mental arithmetic, remembering, or conjuring up an image. on this definition it simply equates to conscious cognitive processes.

A

thinking

31
Q

elements of thinking:

1. consists of imagining or visualizing things

A

imagery thinking

32
Q

elements of thinking:

2. involves inner speech and implicit muscular movements (i.e., we talk to ourselves when we think)

A

inner speech and movement

33
Q

elements of thinking:
3. thinking takes place through concepts. concepts are classification of objects, events, or people (e.g., pork and beef). prototypes are best example of the concept.

A

conceptual thinking

34
Q

elements of thinking:

4. is thinking with and about words. it is learning to attach word labels to things and concepts

A

verbal thinking

35
Q

elements of thinking:

5. for concepts by analyzing our experiences and identifying similarities among various objects.

A

learning concepts

36
Q

ability to discover novel solutions to problems or to produce novel works,

A

creative thinking

37
Q

is when the person comes up with a variety of plausible solutions for creating the unusual.

A

creativity

38
Q
steps in creative thinking:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. preparation
  2. incubation
  3. inspiration
  4. verification and revision
39
Q
factors affecting effective thinking:
1.
2.
3,
4.
A
  1. intelligence
  2. motivation
    3, mind set
  3. functional fixedness