long test Flashcards
l.the way we integrate bits and pieces of sensory stimulation into meaningful wholes
l.perceptual grouping or organizing
refers to the giving of meaning and interpretation to the things that we saw
perception
refers to the tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the group
- similarity
the tendency to perceive objects that are close to one another as part of the same group
- proximity
in the simplest form, one part is the mirror image of the other
- symmetry
the tendency to easily perceive things that are simple
- simplicity
the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.
- continuity
the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete
- closure
ll. it enables us to recognize objects even when their apparent shape or size differs
ll. perceptual constancy
the tendency to perceive the ____ of an object as constant
- size
the tendency to perceive the _____ of an object as constant, even when there is a change in the retinal image
- shape
refers to our ability to recognize that _____ remains the same regardless of how it looks under different levels of light
- brightness or color
the tendency to perceive the _______ of an object as constant even as we moved about
- location
If we see two things in sequence that are different from one another, we will tend to see the second one as more different from the first than it actually is
lll. perceptual contrast
lV. is the perceptual tendency/ability to see objects in three dimensions. the ability to perceive depth and distance of the incoming car, height of the cliff (length x width x height)
lV. depth perception
refer to those depth cues in which both eyes are needed to perceive.
binocular cues
refers to the fact that the closer an object, the more inward our eyes need to turn in order to focus
convergence
refers to the fact that the greater the disparity(difference) between the two images the retinas receive of an object, the closer the object seems to us
retina disparity
are cues which can be seen using only one eye
monocular cues
the monocular cue for depth perception in which we assume that the two objects are similar in size, the one that make the smaller image appears to be more distant
relative size
a monocular cue depth perception and distance n which higher object appears to be more distant
relative height
if one object seems to be blocking another object, people assume that the blocked object is behind the first one and so farther away
interposition
the tendency to perceive lines that are parallel to seem to converge
linear perspective
the farther away an object is, the hazier the object will appear
aerial or atmospheric perspective
the closer the object, the distinctively textured
the father, the texture becomes smaller and finer
texture gradient
v. movement
1. The illusion of motion that occurs when a stationary object is first seen briefly in one location and, following a short interval, is seen in another location.
ex. films
stroboscopic motion
- is the illusion of movement that happens when a frame of reference moves in one direction and produces the illusion that a stationary object is moving in the opposite direction.
ex. moon or clouds
induced motion
- is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move.
ex. a bright star against the evening night
a keyhole in a dark room
autokinetic effect
factors that influence perception:
1. environmental
a. intensity
b. repetition
c. contrast
d. movement
e. change in stimulus
factors that influence perception:
2. subjective
a. motivation
b. past experiences
c. physical characteristics of the perceiver
d. mind set
e. interests and attitude
f. values and beliefs
g. culture and society
h. social suggestion (esp. by media)
i. emotions
j. education and intelligence
errors of perception:
a. also known as optical illusion, illusion is misperception, or false perception
visual illusion
errors of perception:
b. is the perception of visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory experiences without external stimulus and with a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug
hallucination
special types of perception:
ESP - is a group of psychic experiences that involves perceiving information outside normal sensory processes or channels.
extra sensory perception
extra sensory perception includes 4 general types:
- telepathy
- precognition
- clairvoyance
- telekinesis
is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction.
telepathy
supernormal knowledge of future events, with emphasis not upon mentally causing events to occur but upon predicting those the occurrence of which the subject claims has already been determined.
precognition
is used to refer to the ability to gain information about an object, person, location or physical event through means other than the known senses
clairvoyance
the action of mind on matter, in which objects are caused to move or change as a result of mental concentration upon them.
telekinesis
