memory Flashcards

Question

central executive

Answer 1

component of the wmm that co-ordinates the activities of the other 3 subsystems also allocates processing resources to the other subsystems

Answer 2

visual cache - stores visual data inner scribe - records arrangements of objects in the visual field

Answer 3

phonological store - stores the words you hear articulatory process - allows for maintenance rehearsal

Answer 4

forgetting because one memory blocks another one causing one or both memories to be forgotten or distorted

Answer 5

proactive retroactive

Answer 6

when older memories disrupt the recall of newer ones greater degree of forgetting when memories are similar e.g driving on the wrong side of the road on holiday

Answer 7

when new memories disrupt the recall of older ones greater degree of forgetting when memories are similar e.g driving on the wrong side of the road when returning from holiday

Answer 8

pps asked to learn a list of words to 100%/ perfection pps given a new list with the material varying with the similarity to the old list 6 groups - synonyms, antonyms, unrelated, consonant syllables, 3 digit numbers, no list (control) performance depended on nature of second list - most similar had worse recall shows interference is strongest when memories are similar

Answer 9

a form of forgetting when we don't have the necessary cues to access a memory. available but not accessible.

Answer 10

a meaningful or indirectly linked trigger of info that allows us to access a memory.

Answer 11

cues help retrieval if the same ones are present both at encoding and at retrieval if cues at encoding and retrieval are different, there will be some forgetting

Answer 12

context dependent forgetting state dependent forgetting

Answer 13

recall depends on external cue - weather, location

Answer 14

recall depends on internal cue - emotions, sobriety

Answer 15

divers learnt word lists in different situations and were asked to recall them 4 conditions - water and land recall was 40% lower in mismatched contexts than matched contexts shows retrieval failure was due to absence of encoded context cues at time of recall

Answer 16

pps learnt lists of words and later recalled them 4 conditions - on drug and off drug recall worse on mismatched conditions when cues at encoding are absent at retrieval, there is more forgetting

Answer 17

the ability of people to remember the details of events such as accidents that they have observed

Answer 18

incorrect info given to an eyewitness after an event has occurred - can distort the witnesses memory of the event

Answer 19

45 pps watched videos of car accidents and then answered questions about speed critical question was how fast the cars were going when they hit 5 groups got given a different word in the critical question - hit, smashed, collided, bumped and contacted contacted had an average answer of 31.8 and smashed was 40.5 the leading question influenced the answer with a more severe verb producing a higher speed

Answer 20

wording of a question has not enduring effect on memory but influences the answer given

Answer 21

wording of a question effects memory, interfering with original memory, distorting accuracy

Answer 22

when co-witnesses discuss a crime, they mix knowledge with their own memories

Answer 23

witnesses go along with each other to win social approval or because they believe other witnesses are correct

Answer 24

paired pps watched a video of a crime from different povs so they could see unique elements both pps discussed the events before doing a recall event 71% of pps recalled events that were discussed but not seen control group had no errors evidence of memory conformity

Answer 25

recall will be best at an optimum level of arousal (anxiety) too high or too low and it will not be as good

Answer 26

pps sat in a waiting room 2 conditions - low and high anxiety pps saw a man with a pen and grease on his hands pps heard a heated argument and breaking glass and a man with a bloody knife pps asked to pick man from 50 others 49% in low anxiety 33% in high anxiety supports inverted u theory - optimal level of arousal

Answer 27

in a real crime a shop owner shot a thief dead 13 witnesses agreed to participate in the study 4-5 months after, witnesses had to recall their experience also had to rate stress levels after 4-5 months, witnesses were still accurate pps with the highest stress levels were most accurate

Answer 28

techniques initially used by police officers to gain psychological insights into how the memory works improving ewt

Answer 29

additional elements of the cognitive interview including a focus on the social dynamics of the social interaction , including ideas of reducing anxiety.

Answer 30

report everything reinstate the context reverse the order change perspective

Answer 31

witnesses encouraged to include all details as they may provide extra insight and trigger other memories

Answer 32

returning to the original scene in their mind - context dependant forgetting - may help trigger recall

Answer 33

events are recalled in a different order prevents people basing descriptions on expectations of how the event unfolded rather than the actual events prevents dishonesty

Answer 34

witnesses recall events from alternative perspectives prevents influence of expectations and schema on recall.