Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Cognition

A

Mental process of acquiring knowledge + understanding through thought, experiences + senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensation

A

Sense organs receive physical stimuli from environment + processed in brain
Physiological/biological process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Perception

A

Brain selects, organises, + interprets sensations/info
Psychological process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process of sensation

A

Reception
Transduction
Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sensation reception

A

activation of sensory receptors by stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sensation transduction

A

translation of sensory signal to electrical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensation transmission

A

electrical signals transported to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Process of perception

A

Selection
Organisation
Interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Perception selection

A

determining which stimulus gets our attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Perception organising

A

sort and categorise information based on innate and learnt cognitive patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Perception interpretation

A

assign meaning to experiences using schemata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors of selection

A

Salience
Needs
Expectation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors of organising

A

Proximity
Similarity
Differences- assume items that look different from rest do not belong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attention

A

Process by which we focus our awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Goals of attention

A

Directing function towards environment
Control content of consciousness
Maintain alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of attention

A

Selective
Divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Selective attention

A

voluntarily focusing on a specific sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Divided attention

A

not fully focused on one thing but divide attention between multiple stimuli
alternating attention between tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

focusing so hard on one thing that you become blind to the unexpected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cocktail party effect/phenomenon

A

tuning in to one voice from many conversations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Memory

A

The encoding, storage, + retrieval of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Measuring memory

A

Recall
Recognition
Relearning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recall

A

Retrieving info from memory without prompts/cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of recall

A

Free
Cued
Serial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Free recall

A

Retrieve info without/limited prompts/cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cued recall

A

Recalling helped by cues/hints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Serial recall

A

Recalling items/events in order of occurrence
Recalling previous to recall next item

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Recognition

A

Identifying info of a previously learnt thing after experiencing/seeing it again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Relearning

A

Relearning info previously learnt but not remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Stages of memory

A

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sensory encoding

A

Sense specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sensory duration

A

2 secs

33
Q

Sensory capacity

A

all sensory experience

34
Q

ST capacity

A

7 +/- 2 items

35
Q

ST duration

A

30 secs

36
Q

ST encoding

A

mainly auditory

37
Q

LT encoding

A

mainly semantic

38
Q

LT capacity

A

unlimited

39
Q

LT duration

A

unlimited

40
Q

Types of LTM

A

Declarative- explicit
Procedural- implicit

41
Q

Types of declarative memory

A

Episodic- past events linked to particular feelings/sensations at the time
Semantic- knowledge of facts + info

42
Q

Types of encoding

A

effortful processing
automatic processing

43
Q

Effortful processing

A

requires attention and conscious effort
by rehearsal, chunking, mnemonics, acronyms, mental pics, etc.

44
Q

Automatic processing

A

unconscious
incidental info/ well-learned info
can learn it

45
Q

Rehearsal

A

repetition to move new info from ST to LTM

46
Q

Types of rehearsal

A

Maintenance- repeating info in mind
Elaborative- semantic, active processing, associate with other info

47
Q

Spacing effect

A

Reviewing info regularly
halts forgetting curve
forgetting begins again after each review but slower than before

48
Q

Levels of processing model

A

deeper info is processed, longer memory trace will last

49
Q

Levels of processing

A

Shallow
deep

50
Q

Shallow processing

A

structural- appearance,encode physical qualities
phonemic/phonological- process how something sounds

51
Q

Deep processing

A

semantic- relating an object/situation to something else
elaboration- linking new with existing knowledge + give new meaning

52
Q

Latency

A

measure of time taken to answer questions

53
Q

Parts of phonological loop

A

Phonological store
articulatory control process

54
Q

Phonological store

A

Processes speech perception
1-2 secs

55
Q

Articulatory control process

A

Processes speech production
rehearses + stores verbal info from store

56
Q

Memory process- sensory input

A

senses/stimuli translated to electrical+ channeled to parts of cerebral cortex

57
Q

Explicit memories- amygdala

A

attaches emotional significance to memories + regulates emotion
forms new memories specifically related to fear
encodes memories at deeper level when event is emotionally arousing

58
Q

Explicit memories- hippocamus

A

episodic memories formed + indexed
relays info to cortical regions that give memories meaning + connect with other memories

59
Q

Implicit memories

A

Cerebellum
procedural memories encoded, processes, + stored
receives + coordinates signals from spinal cord, brain, + sensory systems to carry out motor movement
automates unconscious process used when learning procedural skill

60
Q

Limbic system

A

Amygdala + hippocampus (part of temporary lobes)

61
Q

Multi store strengths

A

clear + straightforward breakdown
supported by other experimental evidence

62
Q

Multi store weaknesses

A

over-simplified- linear instead of interactive + dynamic
no explanation of encoding/organisation/retrieval
no neuroscience explanation

63
Q
A
64
Q

Memory process- storing

A

Hippo sends encoded signal back to parts of cortex that manage senses + neurons form new connections to place memories in LTM

65
Q

Memory process- retrieving

A

neurons in cortex reassemble components of memory

66
Q

Memory process

A

Sensory input
Encoding
Storing
Retrieving

67
Q

Memory process- sensory input

A

images/sounds/smells/other stimuli translated into electrical signals + channeled to parts of cerebral cortex

68
Q

Amygdala

A

LT procedural memories
responsible for processing emotion
attaches emotional significance to memories
forms new memories specifically associated with fear
encodes memories to deeper level when event emotionally arousing

69
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Working, procedural, + episodic

70
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

STM

71
Q

Hippocampus

A

consolidation + retrieval of LT declarative + episodic formed + indexed
relays info to cortical regions that give memory meaning + connect with other memories

72
Q

Basal ganglia

A

LT procedural + movements

73
Q

Cerebellum

A

procedural encoded, processed, + stored
receives + coordinated signals from spinal, brain, + sensory systems to carry out motor movement
automates unconscious process used when learning a procedural skill

74
Q

Lobes of cerebral

A

declarative memory for some sounds, pics, + words

75
Q

Principles of mass action

A

amount of cortex removed critical to learning abilities

76
Q

Equipotentiality

A

all areas of cortex equally important to learning

77
Q

Karl Lashley

A

physical memory traces must be made when learning occurs

principles of mass action
equipotentiality

78
Q
A

PSYCH (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions