memory Flashcards
what is long-term memory?
unlimited storage information to be maintained for long periods.
what is the short-term memory?
the memory systems in the brain involved in remembering pieces of information for a short period of time, between 18 and 30 seconds.
what is capacity?
the amount of information that can be stored in memory at one time
what is coding?
the way that information is stored in the memory
what is duration?
the length of time that information can be stored in memory for
what is digit-span?
a measure of verbal short term and working memory.
it is used to measure capacity
what is misleading information?
incorrect information given to an eyewitness following an event.
what are leading questions?
questions that are worded to suggest a particular answer
what is a post-event discussion?
a potential source of misleading information where witnesses discuss what they saw after an event.
what is a control group?
a group that is treated normally and gives us a measure of how people behave when they are not exposed to the experimental treatment
what is anxiety?
memory loss can result if that process occurs when fear or anxiety is excessive or persists beyond developmentally appropriate periods
what is the inverted-u theory?
illustrates the relationship between anxiety and performance
what is maintenance rehearsal?
repeating items over and over to maintain them in short term memory
what is episodic memory?
the memory store that holds the information for your personal events and memories.
what is semantic memory?
our knowledge of the general world and encompasses memory for facts, concepts and the meanings of words.
what is procedural memory?
our knowledge on how to do things
what is the encoding specificity principle?
a principle that shows that memories are linked to the control in which they were created.
what is eyewitness testimony?
an account given by people of an event that they have witnessed
what is the cognitive interview?
a method of interviewing eyewitnesses about what they can recall from a crime scene or event that they witnessed
what is a schema?
a cognitive framework that helps us to organise and interpret information
what is a meta-analysis?
where researchers combine the findings from multiple studies to draw an overall conclusion
what is retrieval failure?
difficulties in recall that are due to the absence of correct retrieval cues or triggers.
what are cues?
a stimulus, event or object that serves to guide behaviour
what is context-dependent forgetting?
memory performance is reduced when an individuals environment differs from encoding to retrieval than if two environments were the same
what is state-dependent forgetting?
occurs when your mood or physiological state during recall is different from the mood you were in when you were learning
what is the working memory model
a multicomponent system that explains the parts within the short term memory and all of their functions
what is the central executive?
responsible for controlled processing in working memory.
it assigns tasks to the different slave systems.
what is the phonological loop?
a component of the working memory model that deals with auditory information
what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
the component of working memory that processes visual information and spatial information.
what is the episodic buffer?
a storage system that is responsible for integrating information to create a unified memory
what is interference?
the blocking of memory retrieval by the learning or remembering of other conflicting material.
what is retroactive interference?
when new memories interfere with the recall of old memories.
what is proactive interference?
when old memories interfere with the recall of new memories.
what is the multistore model of memory?
an explanation of memory that assumes there are three unitary memory stores.
what is the sensory register?
the memory store that obtains information and moves it further through the memory system if attention is paid to it.
