attachment Flashcards
what is imprinting?
when an animal forms an attachment to the first thing it sees upon hatching.
what is an ethologist?
they seek to understand the innate behaviour of animals and humans by studying them in their natural environment
what is an insecure-resistant attachment type?
an attachment type where the baby is willing to explore, and seeks greater proximity to the caregiver
what is an insecure-avoidant attachment type?
an attachment type where they don’t crave intimacy, they are so wary of closeness they try to avoid an emotional connection with others.
what is the strange situation?
an experimental technique that was used to assess quality of attachment in infants and young children
what is a secure attachment type?
an attachment where a child feels comforted by the presence of their caregiver
what is separation anxiety?
excessive worry and fear about being apart from family members or individuals to whom a child is most attached
what is stranger anxiety?
the distress that babies experience when they meet or are left in the care of people who are unfamiliar to them
what is deprivation?
the removal, denial or unavailability of something needed or desired
what is a disinhibited attachment type?
an attachment disorder in which a child has little or no fear of unfamiliar adults and may actively avoid them
what is reciprocity?
a form of interaction between infant and caregiver involving mutual responsiveness, with both responding to each others’ signals
what is interactional synchrony?
where an infant mirrors the actions of another individual
what is multiple attachments?
when babies form attachments to two or more people
what is a primary attachment figure?
a unique and close attachment to one person
what is the definition of affectionless psychopathy?
people who don’t show concern or affection for other people and show no or very little remorse or guilt
what is internalisation?
refers to the effects of growing up in an orphanage or children’s home
what are extraneous variables?
any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially affect the outcomes of your research study
what are confounding variables?
an unmeasured variable that influences or controls the relationship between an independent variable an a dependent variable by suggesting the presence of a spurious correlation
what is a collectivist culture?
a worldview in which social behaviour is guided largely by goals that are shared by a collective
what is an individualist culture?
workers in an individualist culture are more likely to value their own wellbeing over the good of the group
what is the definition of innate?
traits that are inborn rather than acquired or learned
what is the internal working model?
a mental representation of our primary caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships
what is monotropy?
the theory that a child has an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure
what is operant conditioning?
a method of learning that uses rewards and punishments to modify behaviour
what is classical conditioning?
involves learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus with a new stimulus, so that the new stimulus brings about the same response
what is the learning theory of attachment?
explains how students receive, process and retain information throughout the learning process
what is maternal deprivation?
the lack of a mother in a child’s life, considered to be a cause of psychological or intellectual problems later in life
what is the critical period?
if a child does not form an attachment before the age of two and a half years. then an attachment would never occur
what is a longitudinal study?
researchers examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time
what is a father figure?
a person of particular power or influence who serves as an emotional substitute for a father
what is an attachment?
the emotional bond between an infant and their parent figure or caregiver
what is external validity?
the extent to which you can generalise the findings of a study to other situations, people, settings and measures
what is proximity seeking?
the way that infants try to maintain physical contact or be close to their attachment figure
what is cultural variation of attachments?
the differences in attachment patterns that exist between the infants and their caregivers in different cultures
