Memory Flashcards
What is recall?
When a person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the blank-test
What is recognition?
When a person needs only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test
What is relearning?
When a person assesses amount of time saved when learning material again
What is a mnemonic device?
things you can use to help boost your memory/remembering
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Failure to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is “right there”
What are the 3 parts to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
What is working memory?
Memory that is retained for storage often by rehearsal;
Processes in the moment/present
What are the two sides of dual-track processing?
Explicit memories and implicit memories
What are “declarative” memories?
Facts and experiences that we can consciously know and recall
What is effortful processing?
studying, rehearsing, thinking about then storing in long-term memory
What are implicit memories and how are they formed?
Memories you’re not fully aware and don’t “declare” (talk about); formed through automatic processing
What are explicit memories and how are they formed?
Memories you intentionally store and remember; formed through effortful processing
What is iconic memory?
fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli
What is echoic memory?
fleeting memory of auditory stimuli
What is the peg-word system?
Visually associating new words with an existing list that is already memorized along with numbers
What is the self-reference effect?
Relating material to yourself or something in your life, rather than just a word or straight memorization
What is memory?
persistence of learning overtime
What is encoding?
Part of informational processing when information gets into our brain in a way that allows it to be stored
What is storage?
Part of informational processing, when information is held in a way that allows it to later be retrieved
What is retrieval?
Part of informational processing, when one is reactivating and recalling information producing in a form similar to what was encoded
What is sensory memory?
Stimuli that is recorded by our senses and held briefly (iconic and echoic memory)
What is the spacing effect?
Short study sessions over time adding up rather than massed practice
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to recall the first and last items better than the items in the middle
What is visual encoding?
When words are said to us, we produce a mental picture of what is being said
