Memory

Question 1

coding

Answer 1

the form in which material is processed in order to lay it down in a memory store

Question 2

capacity

Answer 2

the amount a memory store can hold at any time - for STM this is 7 +/- 2, for LTM it is unlimited

Question 3

long term memory

Answer 3

third of the three stores according to the MSM - capacity is unlimited, duration is unlimited, coding is semantic, material is transferred between STM & LTM

Question 4

duration

Answer 4

the length of time a memory store can hold material - for STM this is 15-30 seconds, for LTM it is up to a lifetime

Question 5

short term memory

Answer 5

second of the three stores according to the MSM - capacity is 7 +/- 2 items, duration is 15-30 secs & coding is acoustic - material is transferred to it from sensory memory by attention & to LTM by rehearsal

Question 6

sensory memory

Answer 6

part of MSM - material enters SM from environmental stimuli by all the senses, capacity is unknown, duration is 1/2 sec & material is transferred to STM by attention

Question 7

multi-store model of memory

Answer 7

an explanation in which memory is seen to consist of three stores

Question 8

working memory model

Answer 8

Baddeley & Hitch explanation of short term memory, which demonstrated that STM was not just a single store, as the MSM claimed. Instead, STM consists of 3 slave systems controlled by the central executive

Question 9

procedural memory

Answer 9

LTM - unconcious, non-verbal memory of skills

Question 10

Semantic memory

Answer 10

LTM - it is verbal, factual, explicit & conscious knowledge - most prone to forgetting

Question 11

retroactive interference

Answer 11

LTM explanation of forgetting - when new material interferes with the retrieval of previously learned material - the material must be similar to be affected - material is not gone it just cannot be assessed at that time

Question 12

memory cues

Answer 12

reminders that are processed and laid down at the same time as the material to be remembered - may be contextual cues or state cues

Question 13

retrieval failure

Answer 13

LTM explanation of forgetting - memory still exists as it can be accessed, but it can not be retrieved at this time - maybe due to a lack of cues

Question 14

episodic memory

Answer 14

personal memories of events that include contextual details and emotional tone

Question 15

proactive interference

Answer 15

past learning interfered with current attempts to learn something

Question 16

leading question

Answer 16

an inverted curve to demonstrate the effect of anxiety on the accuracy of recall

Question 17

cognitive interview

Answer 17

police technique for interviewing witnesses to a crime, memories