memory

Question 1

how is the sensory register, STM and LTM coded?

Answer 1

SR: modality specific
STM: acoustically
LTM: semantically

Question 2

what are the SR, STM and LTM’s capacities?

Answer 2

SR: unlimited
STM: 5-9 items
LTM: unlimited

Question 3

what are the durations of the SR, STM and LTM?

Answer 3

SR: less than 0.5 seconds
STM: 18-30 seconds
LTM: potentially a lifetime

Question 4

what did baddeley investigate?

Answer 4

coding of STM and LTM

Question 5

what did miller investigate?

Answer 5

capacity of STM

Question 6

what did peterson and peterson investigate?

Answer 6

duration of STM

Question 7

what did bahrick investigate?

Answer 7

duration of LTM

Question 8

briefly outline baddley’s procedure

Answer 8

showed ppts 4 categories of words
and immediately after/20 mins after asked them to recall all words correctly

Question 9

what were the 4 categories of words that baddeley showed his ppts?

Answer 9

semantically similar and dissimilar
acoustically similar and dissimilar

Question 10

what did baddeley find and conclude?

Answer 10

STM: immediately after more mistakes were made on the acoustically similar so STM is coded acoustically
LTM: 20 min after more mistakes were made on the semantically similar so LTM is coded semantically

Question 11

what was millers procedure?

Answer 11

digit span technique: ppts shown unrelated digits that increased 1 each time and asked to recall until they couldnt

Question 12

what did miller find and conclude?

Answer 12

ppts could recall 5-9 items and recall was better when they could “chunk”

Question 13

what was bahricks procedure?

Answer 13

392 american high school graduates (17-74) asked to recall classmates from a yearbook/no yearbook

Question 14

what did bahrick find and conclude?

Answer 14

condition with yearbook: 70% correctly recalled
condition without yearbook: 30%
duration of LTM can potentially be a lifetime with correct clues

Question 15

what was peterson and petersons procedure?

Answer 15

124 undergrad students presented with a constant trigram
3 digit number given and asked to count backwards in intervals to prevent rehearsal

Question 16

what did peterson and peterson find?

Answer 16

after 3 seconds: 80% correct recall
after 18 seconds: under 10%
18-30 seconds unless rehearsed

Question 17

what are 3 AO3 points for research to support coding capacity and duration?

Answer 17

lacks mundane realism
control over extraneous variables
high reliability

Question 18

what are 2 AO3 points for bahricks research?

Answer 18

high mundane realism
low control over extraneous variables

Question 19

give key words to describe the multi store model

Answer 19

structural
separate unitary stores
info flows in a linear way

Question 20

who created the multi store model?

Answer 20

atkinson and shiffrin

Question 21

label the multi store model from left to right

Answer 21

environmental stimuli
sensory register
attention
STM
response
prolonged rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal
LTM
retrieval

Question 22

what are 2 different stores in sensory register?

Answer 22

iconic echoic

Question 23

give 3 AO3 points for the multi store model

Answer 23

different unitary stores (baddeley)
RTS clive
RTS KF

Question 24

what are the 3 types of long term memory that Tulving proposed?

Answer 24

procedural
semantic
episodic

Question 25

describe procedural LTM

Answer 25

1. responsible for knowing how to do things. eg. motor skills/riding a bike 2. non declarative and do not need conscious thought 3. area of brain responsibe: motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 26

describe semantic LTM

Answer 26

1. responsible for storing knowledge. eg. meaning of words and facts 2. declarative and do not need conscious thought and are not time stamped 3. area of brain responsible: temporal lobe

Question 27

describe episodic LTM

Answer 27

1. responsible for storing info about events eg. first day of school 2. declarative, involve conscious thought and time stamped 3. area of brain responsible: hippocampus

Question 28

which types of LTM are declarative and non declarative?

Answer 28

procedural: ND semantic: D episodic: D

Question 29

what are the brain regions for all types of LTM?

Answer 29

procedural: cerebellum and motor cortex semantic: temporal lobe episodic: hippocampus

Question 30

which type of LTM is time stamped?

Answer 30

episodic

Question 31

what are 3 AO3 points for the types of LTM?

Answer 31

1. neuroimaging evidence to support 2. scientific methods 3. RTS- Clive Wearing