Memory Flashcards
Surgery that removes one temporal lobe to help with seizures
Unilateral Temporal Lobectomy
What three stages are learning and memory divided into?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding
The processing of incoming information which creates memory traces
Storage
The retention of memory traces and is the result of acquisition and consolidation and represents the permanent record of information
What type of learning is the basal ganglia involved in?
Reinforcement Learning
what type of learning is the cerebellum involved in?
Trial and error based on prediciton error signals
Ribots Law
Retrograde amnesia tends to be greater for more recent events
Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System is comprised of
Hippocampus
Entorhinal Cortex
Perirhinal Cortex
Parohippocampal Cortex
Dementia
The umbrella term for loss of cognitive function including memory beyond what is normal in ageing
Alzheimers accounts for what % of dementia cases?
60/70%
Sensory Memory
Traces memories coming from our sense, typically only lasts for a few seconds
Modal Model (1968)
The multi-store model is an explanation of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin which assumes there are three unitary (separate) memory stores, and that information is transferred between these stores in a linear sequence.
The three main stores are the sensory memory, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
Each of the memory stores differs in the way information is processed (encoding), how much information can be stored (capacity), and for how long (duration).
Information passes from store to store in a linear way, and has been described as an information processing model (like a computer) with an input, process and output.
Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the sensory memory, which stores a fleeting impression of sensory stimuli. If attended to this information enters the STM and if the information is given meaning (elaborative rehearsal) it is passed on to the LTM
Weaknesses for the Modal Model (1968)
It is oversimplified especially when it suggests that that short term and long term memory both operate in a single, uniform fashion.
There are also different types of long term memories, for example there is not one store for memories on how to do subtraction that also contain the memory of your first birthday etc.
Working Memory
A limited capacity store for retaining information over a short term so it can be manipulated and acted on.
Long Term memory can be split into
Declarative and Non-Declarative memory
Declarative Memory
memory for events which we have conscious access and can verbally report on (explicit memory)
Episodic Memory
A type of declarative memory. Specific memories of events you have experiences such as the where why how etc. Differes from personal memory as you have knowledge of when you were born but not the specific memory.
Semantic Memory
Objective knowledge that is factual but does not include context. Dublin is the capital of Ireland but I dont know the context of when where how i learned it.
Non Declarative Memory
Not expressed verbally but expressed through performance (implicit memory)
Where is non declarative memory based?
Structures such as the basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala and neocortex
Procedural Memory
A type of non-declarative memory which is used for learning new skills such as motor skills like riding a bike.
Procedural Memory
A type of non-declarative memory which is used for learning new skills such as motor skills like riding a bike.
What structure is important for procedural memory?
corticobasal ganglia loops are critical for procedural learning
Priming
Another form of non-declarative memory. A phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.
