Memory

Question 1

STM

Answer 1

Limited capacity

Acoustic coding

5-9 items

18 sec duration

Question 2

LTM

Answer 2

Large capacity

Semantic coding

Unlimited

Lifetime duration

Question 3

Multi store model of memory

Answer 3

Atkinson and Shifferin

stimuli> sensory register> STM > LTM

Question 4

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 4

repeating material to remain in the STM

Question 5

Strengths of the MSM

Answer 5

Supporting studies that separate STM/LTM

Clive Wearing / HM

Question 6

Weakness of MSM

Answer 6

Case studies cannot be generalised

Don’t need to rehearse to store LTM

More than one type of STM- overly simplistic

Question 7

Working memory model

Answer 7

Bad delay and Hitch

Central executive > visospatial sketch pad > phonological loop > episodic buffer

to LTM

Question 8

Strengths of WMM

Answer 8

Dual task performance with two difference tasks supports ideas of two areas

Clinical evidence

Question 9

Weakness of WMM

Answer 9

Unfalsifiable - can’t be proven

Lack of evidence for central executive

Question 10

Types of LTM

Answer 10

Episodic- personal events

Semantic - knowledge of the world

Procedural - how to do things

Question 11

Visuospatial Sketch pad

Answer 11

Visual cache- visual data

Inner scribe- arrangement of visual objects

Question 12

Episodic Buffer

Answer 12

Temporary storage of info

Question 13

Central Executive

Answer 13

Monitors data and has a supervisory role

Question 14

Phonological loop

Answer 14

Phonological store- words heard

Articulatory process - maintenance rehearsal of what we hear

Question 15

Interference definition

Answer 15

Where two pieces of info contradict each other

Question 16

Retroactive interference

Answer 16

new memories disrupt old ones

Question 17

Proactive interference

Answer 17

Older memories disrupt old ones

Question 18

Strengths of interference studies

Answer 18

Baffles interview with rugby players - external reliability, support

Drug studies where placebo helps

Question 19

Weakness of Interference studies

Answer 19

Not a full explanation as no cause

Interference can be overcome using cues

Question 20

Cue dependent forgetting

Answer 20

Context dependent - external cue (weather/ place)

State dependent - internal cue (emotion)

Question 21

Retrieval failure

Answer 21

Can’t retrieve info rather than it not being there

If cues are present during learning but not during retrieval it is easier to forget

Question 22

Factors affect eye witness testimony

Answer 22

Misleading information

Leading questions

Post event discussion

Question 23

Tunnel theory of memory

Answer 23

Anxiety - weapon focus

focus on the violence - harder to describe the offender

Question 24

Improving accuracy of EWT

Answer 24

Cognitive interview

report
add context
reverse order
change perspective

Question 25

Strengths of cognitive interview

Answer 25

41% increase of accurate info

Question 26

Weakness of cognitive interview

Answer 26

time consuming

Question 27

Leading question experiment

Answer 27

Video of car crash with leading words

Week later report glass and speed

Question 28

Misleading info Experiment

Answer 28

Argument followed by a knife or pen

Question 29

Post event discussion

Answer 29

Watch different videos and have people discuss afterwards then recall the video alone