Memory Flashcards
STM
Limited capacity
Acoustic coding
5-9 items
18 sec duration
LTM
Large capacity
Semantic coding
Unlimited
Lifetime duration
Multi store model of memory
Atkinson and Shifferin
stimuli> sensory register> STM > LTM
Maintenance rehearsal
repeating material to remain in the STM
Strengths of the MSM
Supporting studies that separate STM/LTM
Clive Wearing / HM
Weakness of MSM
Case studies cannot be generalised
Don’t need to rehearse to store LTM
More than one type of STM- overly simplistic
Working memory model
Bad delay and Hitch
Central executive > visospatial sketch pad > phonological loop > episodic buffer
to LTM
Strengths of WMM
Dual task performance with two difference tasks supports ideas of two areas
Clinical evidence
Weakness of WMM
Unfalsifiable - can’t be proven
Lack of evidence for central executive
Types of LTM
Episodic- personal events
Semantic - knowledge of the world
Procedural - how to do things
Visuospatial Sketch pad
Visual cache- visual data
Inner scribe- arrangement of visual objects
Episodic Buffer
Temporary storage of info
Central Executive
Monitors data and has a supervisory role
Phonological loop
Phonological store- words heard
Articulatory process - maintenance rehearsal of what we hear
Interference definition
Where two pieces of info contradict each other
Retroactive interference
new memories disrupt old ones
Proactive interference
Older memories disrupt old ones
Strengths of interference studies
Baffles interview with rugby players - external reliability, support
Drug studies where placebo helps
Weakness of Interference studies
Not a full explanation as no cause
Interference can be overcome using cues
Cue dependent forgetting
Context dependent - external cue (weather/ place)
State dependent - internal cue (emotion)
Retrieval failure
Can’t retrieve info rather than it not being there
If cues are present during learning but not during retrieval it is easier to forget
Factors affect eye witness testimony
Misleading information
Leading questions
Post event discussion
Tunnel theory of memory
Anxiety - weapon focus
focus on the violence - harder to describe the offender
Improving accuracy of EWT
Cognitive interview
report
add context
reverse order
change perspective
Strengths of cognitive interview
41% increase of accurate info
Weakness of cognitive interview
time consuming
Leading question experiment
Video of car crash with leading words
Week later report glass and speed
Misleading info Experiment
Argument followed by a knife or pen
Post event discussion
Watch different videos and have people discuss afterwards then recall the video alone
