Memorization Flashcards
What two screening tools are used to rule out PE
PERC
Wells
What score on Wells constitutes further investigations. What investigations are warranted based on certain scores?
score of 1-2 = d dimer
3 or more = US/ CT
Nutritional health is important to consider in older adults. Age relevant requirements include:
A) Water, fats, fiber and vitamin supplements
B) Fiber, Vitamin supplements, carbohydrates, and fats
C) Water, fiber, fats, and protein
C)
What is does the rule of fourths pertain to?
Changes in aging
List 8 components of a geriatric assessment:
- Chief complaint, 2. History of presenting illness, 3. Past medical history, 4. Medications, 5. Social history, 6. Family history, 7. Functional status, 8. Review of systems
Common medications in the BEERs Criteria include:
A) Tricyclic antidepressants and acetaminophen
B) Benzodiazepines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
C) Benzodiazepines and 2nd generation antihistamines
D) First generation antihistamines and antipyretics
B) Benzodiazepines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
CPPD is associated with what conditions
Hypothyroidism Hypomagnesemia Hypophosphatemia Trauma Hyperparathyroidism Hemachromatosis
If imaging suggests chondocalcinosis, what do you suspect?
CPPD
Limbal injection is often a sign of:
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Anterior uveitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Viral keratitis
Anterior uveitis
What is the least important pertinent family eye history? Closed angle glaucoma Cataract Open angle glaucoma Blindness
Cataract,
Cataract formation is a normal change of aging. With some exceptions, cataracts aren’t hereditary and rarely associated with inheritable syndromes. Blindness can elicit a history of retinitis pigmentosa. Glaucoma is inheritable and an important risk factor to be aware of.
An appropriate prescribed analgesic for a corneal abrasion would be:
Novocaine
Polyvinyl alcohol
Bupivicaine
Lidocaine
It is never good to use anaesthetic eye drops with a corneal abrasion except in the office, and with experience, in order to facilitate an eye exam. These medications are toxic to the cornea and delay healing. They keep the corneal epithelium from growing and can turn a simple abrasion into a non-healing ulcers. Polyvinyl alcohol is a thickening agent/lubricant used in some artificial tears. [e.g. Artificial Tears (Polyvinyl Alcohol) Eye Drops]
EARLY cataracts are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
Radiation
Amiodarone
Diabetes
Prednisone
Amiodarone
Info: The main cause of cataracts is age, but for younger people they can occur from diabetes, steroid use, and radiation. Amiodarone can commonly cause corneal deposits called “verticillate”.
The most common cause of cataracts is:
Smoking
Genetics
Age
Steroid use
Age
Which layer of the cornea is the deepest (not the largest) with the epithelium being the most surface layer?
Stroma
Endothelium
Descemet’s layer
Bowman’s layer
Endothelium
Info: The endothelium on the inside of the cornea is the deepest. Layers go from the outside to the deepest in this order: epithelium, Bowman’s layer, Stroma, Descemet’s membrane and then endothelium.
Which inflammation is the deepest involving the eye?
Conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Scleritis is a deep inflammation of the white sclera that makes up the wall of the eye. It is rare, but causes an aching pain, has a characteristic violet-bluish hue with scleral edema and dilatation. The globe is also often tender to touch. It is associated with other inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of conjunctival tissues. The episclera is the intermediate layer of tissue and blood vessels on top of the sclera, but still underneath the conjunctival surface. Episcleritis causes a focal area of hyperemia with dilatation of deep vessels. Blepharitis is a common disorder in older adults and is an inflammation of the outer eye (lid margins). The 2 most common causes of anterior blepharitis are Staphylococcus and seborrheic dermatitis. Posterior blepharitis affects the inner eyelid and is caused by meibomian gland dysfunction.
