Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Natural Products > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

For drugs

1
Q

Membrane definition

A

Separates the internal medium of a cell from its surrounding medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do boundaries also form?

A

Boundaries of the internal organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell walls are found in

A

Plants and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Membrane function

A

Regulate the transfer of substances in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plasma membrane made up of

A

Fluid like bilayer of phospholipids, proteins, steroids and glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipids and protein movement

A

Some rational and lateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thickness of plasma membrane

A

5 nm thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resting potential of plasma membrane

A

20-200 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasma membrane structure

A

See slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the long non polar hydrocarbon chain

A

14-24 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipid components:

Glycosphingolipids are in small amounts. Function:

A
  • cell recognition
  • immunity
  • nerve transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lipid components

Cholesterol

A
  • embeded plasma membrane
  • rigid
  • hydrogen bonding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lipid components

Glycosphingolipids

A
  • Small amounts
  • Cell recognition
  • Immunity
  • Nerve transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protein component (3)

A
  • active functions
  • integral, peripheral, lipid-anchored
  • cross or embedded in lipid layer - N-Extracellular, C-intracellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Integral proteins

Mostly embedded

A

Transport across membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Integral proteins

Partly embedded

A

Oligosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transmembrane Integral Structure Diagram

A

See slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ion Channels Diagram

A

See slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Peripheral Proteins are what type of proteins

A

lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are bonds broken in peripheral proteins?

A

By

  • Metal chelating agents
  • Changes in pH
  • Changes in ionic strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbohydrate Component Diagram

A

See slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carbohydrate Component is composed is

A

Small and large heterosaccharide chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is often the terminal sugar in the carbohydrate component?

A

Sialic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is the carbohydrate component easily removed from the surface?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What organisms have a well-defined cell wall?

A

Plants
Fungi
Most bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What strength is the cell wall structure?

A

Rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do the components of the cell wall depend on?

A

the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Is the cell wall continually being renewed?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bacterial cell walls diagram

A

See slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bacterial cell walls have what type of osmotic pressure?

A

High internal osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the strength of bacterial cell walls?

A

Strong rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What prevents the renewal of the cell wall?

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do gram negative bacteria cell walls have that gram positive do not?

A

Periplasmic space
and
Outer membrane of proteins, lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Gram positive bacteria consist of

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Peptidoglycan (cell wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Gram negative bacteria consist of

A 
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan (cell wall)
Outer membrane consisting of proteins, lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mureins Structure

A

See slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Mureins are

A

Polymers:

  • polysaccharide chains
  • peptide chains
38
Q

What is the structure of mureins like?

A

Net-like molecule

39
Q

Mureins consist of

A
  • b-N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

- b-Nacetylglucosamine (NAG)

40
Q

Mureins consist of

A
  • b-N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

- b-Nacetylglucosamine (NAG)

41
Q

Routes of passing through membrane (7)

A 
1 osmosis
2 filtration
3 passive diffusion
4 facilitated diffusion
5 active transport
6 endocytosis
7 exocytosis
42
Q

Osmosis Diagram

Hypertonic

A

See slide

43
Q

Osmosis Diagram

Isotonic

A

See slide

44
Q

Osmosis Diagram

Hypotonic

A

See slide

45
Q

Filtration Diagram

A

See slide

46
Q

Passive Diffusion

Diagram

A

See slide

47
Q

What charge and state is Passive Diffusion in

A
  • uncharged

- non-polar

48
Q

What type of partition is passive diffusion?

A

Partition-Diffusion-partition

49
Q

What type of gradient is involved in passive diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient

50
Q

Passive diffusion is more polar due to being

A
  • restricted

- prevented

51
Q

Facilitated Diffusion Diagram

A

See slide

52
Q

What is the name of the carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

A

Permeases

53
Q

Facilitated Diffusion uses what type of gradient?

A

Concentration gradient

54
Q

What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose

55
Q

What form of diffusion is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passive diffusion

56
Q

Active transport transports a

A

Solute

57
Q

Active transport is also referred to as a

A

Carrier protein

58
Q

Active transport operates against a

A

Concentration gradient

59
Q

Is active transport highly selective or not?

A

Highly selective

60
Q

Is energy required for active transport?

A

Yes

61
Q

Endocytosis Diagram

A

See slide

62
Q

How do phagocytosis work?

A

By eating

63
Q

How does pinocytosis work?

A

By drinking

64
Q

Two endocytosis types discovered:

A
  • Constitutive endocytosis

-

65
Q

Exocytosis Diagram

A

See slide

66
Q

Steps of Drug Action on cells walls/membranes

Step 1

A
  1. Inhibiting the action of enzymes and other substances
67
Q

Steps of Drug Action on cells walls/membranes

Step 2

A

Inhibiting processes involved in the formation of the cell wall

68
Q

Steps of Drug Action on cells walls/membranes

Step 3

A

Forming channels through the cell wall or membrane

69
Q

Steps of Drug Action on cells walls/membranes

Step 4

A

Breaking down sections of the membrane

70
Q

Antifungal infections

Two types

A
  • superficial

- systemic

71
Q

Fungal infections

Systemic affects the

A

Internal organs

72
Q

Fungal infections

Superficial affects the

A

Skin
Nails
Scalp
Mucous membranes

73
Q

What treatments are used to treat opportunistic fungal infections?

A

Antibiotics
Radiotherapy
Steroids
Immunosuppressant drugs

74
Q

Fungistatic

A

inhibit the growth of fungus

75
Q

Fungicidal

A

biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores

76
Q

Antifungal agent:
Azoles
Azoles are substituted

A

Imidazoles

77
Q

Antifungal agent:
Azoles
Substituted imidazoles at nano-molecular are

A

Static

78
Q

Antifungal agent:
Azoles
Substituted imidazoles at micro-molecular level are

A

Cidal

79
Q

Antifungal agent:

Azoles lead to the inhibition of

A

Some of the cytochrome P-450 oxidases

80
Q

Allylamines and related compounds

Two examples

A
  1. Tolnaftate

2. Terbinafine

81
Q

Tolnaftate Structure

A

See slide

82
Q

Terbinafine Diagram

A

See slide

83
Q

Antifungal agents
Phenols
Two examples

A
  1. Chloroxylenol(Dettol). See structure

2. Clioquinol. See structure

84
Q

Antifungal and antibacterial agent example and structure

A

Mycostatin

Add diagram

85
Q

Cell membrane diagrams

A

see slide

86
Q

plasma membrane diagram

A

see slide

87
Q

Lipid components of cell membrane diagram

A

see slide

88
Q

how are bonds broken in peripheral proteins (3)

A

1 by metal chelating agents
2 changes in pH
3 changes in ionic strength

89
Q

Active transport involves a ____ ____ point

A

carrier selection point

90
Q

active transport rate

A

conc absorption sites

91
Q

Antifungal Agent

Azoles. Two examples

A

1 fluconazole. see structure

2 clotrimazole. see structure

Natural Products (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions