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Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 > Membrane transport > Flashcards

Membrane transport Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane

A

defines all boundaries of the cell, governs interactions with other cells, controls passage of materials in/out of cell
- 98% lipids of those 75% phospholipids
- arranged in bilayer

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2
Q

transmembrane proteins

A

pass completely through the phospholipid bilayer protruding from its on both sides
-mostly glycoproteins bound tot oligosaccharides on outside

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3
Q

peripheral proteins

A

don’t protrude but adhere to either inner/outer face of membrane

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4
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

receptors, enzymes, channels proteins, carriers, cell-identity markers, and cell adhesion molecules

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5
Q

receptors

A

surface proteins that chemical signals (that can’t enter cell) bind to

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6
Q

enzymes

A

carry out final stages of starch and protein digestion in small intestine, help produce second messengers and break down hormones/other signaling molecules who’s job is done

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7
Q

channel proteins

A

passages that allow water and hydrophilic solutes to move through membrane

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8
Q

leak channel

A

always open and allow materials to pass continually

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9
Q

gate channel

A

open/close under different circumstances
-respond to 3 stimuli

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10
Q

ligand gated

A

respond to chemical messengers

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11
Q

voltage gated

A

respond to changes in electrical potential

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12
Q

mechanically gated

A

respond to physical stress on cell

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13
Q

carriers

A

transmembrane proteins that bind to glucose, electrolytes and other solutes and transfers them to other side of membranes

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14
Q

cell identity markers

A

glycoprotein acting as a cell identity markers that enables immune system to differentiate body’s own cell from foreign cells

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15
Q

cell adhesion molecules

A

help cells adhere to one another and extracellular material

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16
Q

second messengers

A

first hormone binds to a surface receptor , receptor is linked on the intracellular side of a peripheral G protein, when activated G-protein relays signal to adenylate cyclase, adenylate cyclase removes 2 phosphate groups from ATP and converts it to cAMP the second messenger, cAMP then activated kinases which add phosphate groups to other cellular enzymes

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17
Q

gylcocalyx

A

fuzzy coat external to plasma membrane composed of carbohydrate moieties of membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins
- allows body to distinguish its own healthy cells from transplanted tissues, invading organisms and diseased cells

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18
Q

microvilli

A

extensions of plasma membrane that serve to increase a cells surface area

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19
Q

Brush border

A

dense fringe of microvilli

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20
Q

cilia

A

hairlike processes, nearly every cell has one primary one

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21
Q

motile cilia

A

less widespread but more numerous when present

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22
Q

flagellum

A

only one present is the whiplike tail of sperm
-more snakelike or corkscrew fashion that cilium

23
Q

pseudopods

A

cytoplasm filled extensions of the cell varying in shape
- change continually and help cells more around and grab things

24
Q

selectively permeable

A

allows some things through but prevents other things from entering/leaving

25
Q

passive

A

require no energy expenditure
- filtration, diffusion, osmosis

26
Q

active

A

require energy
-active transport and vesicular transport

27
Q

carrier mediated

A

use a membrane protein to transport substances from one side of membrane to the other

28
Q

filtration

A

when physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane
- blood capillaries were blood pressure forces fluid through gaps

29
Q

simple diffusion

A

net movement of particles from high concentration to lower concentration as result of constant spontaneous motion
- rates affected by temp, molecular weight, steepness of concentration gradient, membrane surfaced area, membrane permeability

30
Q

osmosis

A

net flow of water from one side of a membrane to another, from more watery side to least watery side

31
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force exerted against a surface by a liquid

32
Q

osmotic pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure required to halt osmosis

33
Q

reverse osmosis

A

mechanical pressure applied to one side of the system can override osmotic pressure and drive water through membrane agains its gradient

34
Q

osmolarity

A

osmotic concentration, milliosmoles per liter, the quantity of non permeating particles per liter

35
Q

tonicity

A

ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell

36
Q

hypotonic

A

has lower concentration of non permeating solutes than ICF, cell gain too much water

37
Q

hypertonic

A

solution with higher concentration of non permeating solutes than ICF, cell shrivels

38
Q

isotonic

A

concentration of non permeating solutes is same as ICF

39
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

when a solute binds tot a carrier in plasma membrane which then changes shape and releases solute to other side

40
Q

transport maximum

A

when carriers are saturated and no more are available to handle increased demand

41
Q

uniports

A

carry only 1 type of solute

42
Q

symport

A

can more 2 or more solutes simultaneously by process of cotransport

43
Q

antiport

A

uses counter transport to move 2 or more solutes in opposite directions

44
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

transport of solute through membrane down its concentration gradient

45
Q

primary active transport

A

moves substances through membrane up its concentration gradient

46
Q

secondary active transport

A

depends indirectly on ATP, solute hitches a ride on incoming Na and Na combine sure to low Na concentration because of Na-K pump that depends on ATP

47
Q

vesicular transport

A

move large particles, droplets of fluid or numerous molecules atop; once through membrane

48
Q

endocytosis

A

brings matter into cell

49
Q

phagocytosis

A

process of cell engulfing particles like bacteria, dust and cellular debris

50
Q

phasgosome

A

vesicle of white blood cells that surrounds bacterium and then be destroyed

51
Q

pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”, process of taking in water droplets of ECF that contain molecules of some use to the cell

52
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A

enables cell to take in specific. molecules from ECF w/minimum of unnecessary matter

53
Q

transcytosis

A

transport of material across cell

54
Q

exocytosis

A

release of material from cell

Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 (6 decks)

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