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Cell Biology > Membrane Structures Function > Flashcards

Membrane Structures Function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do membranes define in a cell?

A

Membranes define the structural and functional boundary of a cell and its organelles.

It separates “what’s in” from “what’s out.”

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2
Q

What kind of permeability do membranes have?

A

Membranes have a SELECTIVE permeability that regulates which substances can and cannot pass through the membrane.

This is not equivalent to a semipermeable membrane.

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3
Q

What can membranes provide in a cell? What is the purpose of membranes in living organisms?

A

Membranes can provide a structural framework or an anchor site for many enzymes, biochemical reactions, and pathways. This means membranes play an important role in the biochemistry of living organisms.

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4
Q

What do membranes have on the surface?

A

Membranes have receptors and other structures on the surface that receive information signals from the surrounding environment.

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5
Q

What did Charles Overton state about membranes?

A

Membranes are basically a lipid structure
Polar cannot pass through
Nonpolar can pass through
Something about the membrane being super thin or on its edge but idk

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6
Q

What did Langmuir state about membranes?

A

Lipids are phospholipids

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7
Q

What did Gortner and Grendel state about cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer

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8
Q

What did Davson and Danielli state about cell membranes?

A

Membranes contain proteins
The “protein sandwich model”

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9
Q

What is the “protein sandwich model?”

A

Proteins are located on the outside of the lipid bilayer

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10
Q

What did Robertson state about cell membranes?

A

“Unit membrane” – membranes function as an inseparable unit
Membranes cannot be partial and still be functional

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11
Q

Who discovered the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

Singer and Nicholson

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12
Q

What are the “two-dimensional fluids” characteristics of membranes in the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

Lipid bilayer: “fluid”
Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer like pieces of a mosaic
Lipids and proteins flow laterally

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13
Q

Are membranes identical to one another?

A

The two monolayers are NOT identical; they are composed of different lipids and proteins
They are also asymmetrical

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14
Q

What are the two faces in cell membranes?

A

Exoplasmic (E) face: facing outside (towards water)
Protoplasmic (P)/Cytoplasmic (C) face: facing inside (towards lipids)

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15
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A
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16
Q

What is contained in the lipid bilayer?

A
17
Q

What is the name of a single layer of the lipid bilayer?

A

Monolayer; “leaflet”

18
Q

What is the hydrophobic force?

A

The force that holds the lipid bilayer together

19
Q

What role does cholesterol play in membranes?

A

Fluidity

20
Q

What role do glycolipids play in membranes?

A

Antennae; used as sensors and receptors for its environment

21
Q

What are peripheral proteins?

A

Lipid-anchored membrane proteins

22
Q

What kind of bonds can peripheral proteins have?

A

They can either be covalently or noncovalently bonded

23
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Proteins that are either partially or completely within the membrane

24
Q

What are examples of integral proteins?

A

Monotopic protein (partial)
Transmembrane protein (complete)

25
Q

What are the majority of transmembrane proteins considered?

A

They are considered to be transport proteins

26
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

Proteins that facilitate the passage of chemicals through the membrane

27
Q

What are channel proteins?

A

Proteins that move small inorganic molecules or ions via facilitated diffusion

28
Q

What is an example of a molecule channel protein?

A

Aquaporin transporting H2O

29
Q

What is an example of an ion channel protein?

A

Ion channels transporting Ca2+

30
Q

What are carrier proteins (transporter permeases)?

A

Proteins that move larger, organic molecules by various mechanisms.
It can either be passive facilitated diffusion or active transport, but NEVER by ATP hydrolysis

31
Q

What is uniport?

A

Movement in ONE DIRECTION passively by facilitated diffusion

32
Q

What is symport?

A

Movement of two molecules in the same direction, one passively by facilitated diffusion and the other molecule is “piggybacked”

33
Q

What is antiport?

A

Movement of two molecules in opposite directions. One molecule is moved passively by facilitated diffusion, which generates enough energy to drive the other molecule to move by active transport.

34
Q

something abt atp and atpase but idk

A

Cell Biology (11 decks)

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