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Cell Biology > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments

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2
Q

What are microtubules?

A

The largest and thickest elements of the cytoskeleton (25nm in diameter)
Long hollow tubes

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3
Q

What is tubulin?

A

A globular protein that has two versions, alpha and beta.
Alpha and beta tubulin bond to form AB dimer

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4
Q

What is a protofilament?

A

A chain of AB dimers

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5
Q

How many protofilaments form a hollow tube?

A

13 protofilaments

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6
Q

Where are microtubules assembled?

A

In the microtubule organizing center (MTOC)

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7
Q

What is the MTOC in animal cells?

A

The centrosome

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8
Q

What is the MTOC in plant cells?

A

It is unknown, but evidence shows that it is probably the nuclear envelope

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9
Q

What does the MTOC organize?

A

Centrioles, cilia, and flagella

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10
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Spindle-shaped bundles of microtubules located in the centrosome

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11
Q

How many microtubules do centrioles contain?

A

There are 9 sets of microtubule triplets in centrioles

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12
Q

What is dynein?

A

Filaments that form cross hatches/bridges between the microtubules

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13
Q

What do centrioles assemble?

A

Basal bodies located at the base of every cilium and flagellum

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14
Q

What do basal bodies assemble?

A

Cilia and flagella

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15
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

Basically the same thing. Used for movement. Blah blah blah

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16
Q

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

A

Cilia are short and there are multiple of them on a cell
Flagella are long and there is typically one or two per cell

17
Q

How many microtubules do cilia and flagella contain?

A

There are nine sets of microtubule doublets in cilia/flagella

18
Q

What is an axoneme?

A

A structural and functional unit of ciliar/flagellar movement

19
Q

What is the mechanism of ciliar and flagellar movement?

A

It is not well understood, but it is similar to the Sliding Filament Model in muscle cell contraction

20
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Smallest and thinnest element of the cytoskeleton
Structural support of the cell; cell movements

21
Q

What is actin?

A

The most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells

22
Q

What is alpha-actin?

A
23
Q

What is G-actin?

A

Globular protein (idk what else to put uh)

24
Q

What is F-actin?

A

Filament formed from two chains of G-actin coiled around each other

25
Q

What is alpha-actin?

A

Actin found in skeletal muscle cells

26
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

Filamentous protein that runs along the outer edge of the F-actin filaments

27
Q

What is the troponin complex?

A

A protein with three subunits that
1. attaches to troponin
2. attaches to tropomyosin
3. binds to Ca2+

28
Q

What are intermediate filaments?

A

The medium-sized elements of the cytoskeleton (10nm in diameter)

29
Q

What do intermediate filaments consist of?

A

Various rope-like fibrous proteins with tensile strength

30
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

The resistance to being pulled apart
High tensile strength = hard to pull apart

31
Q

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

A

To enable cells to withstand mechanical stresses when stretched

32
Q

What are the four types of intermediate filaments?

A

Keratin
Vimentin and desmin
Neurofilaments
Nuclear lamins

33
Q

Where is keratin found?

A

In epithelial cells of vertebrates, especially in the skin (cytoplasm)

34
Q

Where are vimentin and desmin found?

A

Found in connective tissue cells, muscle cells, and glial cells of nerve tissue

35
Q

Where are neurofilaments found?

A

Found in neurons (cytoplasm)

36
Q

Where are nuclear lamins found?

A

Found in nuclear envelope and strengthens it

Cell Biology (11 decks)

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