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Cell Biology > Junctions And Tissues > Flashcards

Junctions And Tissues Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Organized mass of similar cells with a specific function

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2
Q

What do tissues consist of?

A

Cells themselves
Extracellular matrix
Cell junctions

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3
Q

What is the extra cellular matrix?

A

All materials outside of cells, but the material is made by the cell and was secreted out

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4
Q

What are fibers?

A

Part of the ECM
Collagen and elastic fibers

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5
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Background fluid rlly
Complex macromolecule
Fills in spaces
Lubricants/cushion
Interstitial fluids (blood, plasma, lymph)

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6
Q

What are cell junctions?

A

Specialized structures that connect cells together

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7
Q

What are the four types of tissues in vertebrates?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle

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8
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Seals neighboring epithelial cells tight enough to prevent liquids to leak through
Makes epithelial layer water tight

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9
Q

What are the other names for tight junctions?

A

Occluding junctions
Zonulae occludins

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10
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

The underlying connective tissue further down

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11
Q

What is the globular protein in tight junctions?

A

Occludin
Claudin (less known)

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12
Q

What are the two categories of anchoring junctions?

A

Attaching cells to each other
Attaching cells to the underlying ECM

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13
Q

Which anchoring junction types attach cells to each other?

A

Adherens junctions
Desmosomes

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14
Q

Which anchoring junction types attach cells to the underlying extracellular matrix?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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15
Q

What is cadherin?

A

Club-headed end in between plasma membrane stemming from the anchoring protein plate
Velcro like

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16
Q

What are tethering filaments?

A
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17
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

“Tunnel” shaped protein through plasma membrane of adjacent cells that allows the passage of water/ions/small molecules between cells

The god damn spaceship and space shuttle thing Isaak kept doing

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18
Q

What is connexon?

A

Tubular protein composed of 6 proteins called connexin

19
Q

What is the epithelium/epithelial tissue?

A

Tissue that covers surfaces
Forms a continuous layer that covers most body surfaces and cavities

20
Q

What is epithelium/epithelial tissue classified by?

A

Cell shape and layering

21
Q

What is are the types of epithelial tissue layering?

A

Simple epithelium
Stratified
Pseudostratified

22
Q

What are the types of epithelial tissue cell shapes?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

23
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A
24
Q

What is the difference between stratified and pseudostratified layering?

A

Stratified — has layers; only the bottom layer is anchored to the basal lamina
Pseudo — only one cell layer, but it just kinda looks funny

25
Q

What are squames?

A

Dead skin cells
Thank you evelyn and chelsea

26
Q

What are connective tissues?

A

Connects, supports, and protects other tissues

27
Q

What is the bulk of connective tissue composed of?

A

The ECM, not of cells

28
Q

What is in the extracellular matrix?

A

Fibers, ground substance, interstitial fluid

29
Q

What are the fibers?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

30
Q

What are ground substances?

A

“Background substances”
Thick and granular — liquid and gel like

31
Q

What are interstitial fluids?

A

Blood, plasma, lymph fluid

32
Q

What are the three types of cells in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast (most common)
Adipose cells
Blood cells

33
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Eats invading organism

34
Q

What are mast cells?

A

“Fire alarm” cells

35
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Hm…
B and T

36
Q

What is collagen?

A

The most common protein in the animal kingdom

37
Q

What is the percentage of collagen in the body?

A

20-35% total mass of proteins in the body

38
Q

What is the relationship between collagen and the ECM?

A

Collagen makes up most of the fibers in the ECM

39
Q

What is a collagen filament?

A

Three-polypeptide chains wind around each other to create a super helix
Tough fiber, high tensile strength

40
Q

What are the different ways collagen fibers organize?

A

Loose, flexible, spongy
Tight bundles, tough, resist stretching; tendons and ligaments

41
Q

What are the two broad connective tissue groups?

A

Connective tissue proper
Specialized connective tissue

42
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

Unspecialized
Loose connective
Dense connective

43
Q

What is specialized connective tissue?

A

Adipose tissue
Blood
Bone
Cartilage

Cell Biology (11 decks)

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