Junctions And Tissues Flashcards
What are tissues?
Organized mass of similar cells with a specific function
What do tissues consist of?
Cells themselves
Extracellular matrix
Cell junctions
What is the extra cellular matrix?
All materials outside of cells, but the material is made by the cell and was secreted out
What are fibers?
Part of the ECM
Collagen and elastic fibers
What is ground substance?
Background fluid rlly
Complex macromolecule
Fills in spaces
Lubricants/cushion
Interstitial fluids (blood, plasma, lymph)
What are cell junctions?
Specialized structures that connect cells together
What are the four types of tissues in vertebrates?
Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle
What are tight junctions?
Seals neighboring epithelial cells tight enough to prevent liquids to leak through
Makes epithelial layer water tight
What are the other names for tight junctions?
Occluding junctions
Zonulae occludins
What is the basal lamina?
The underlying connective tissue further down
What is the globular protein in tight junctions?
Occludin
Claudin (less known)
What are the two categories of anchoring junctions?
Attaching cells to each other
Attaching cells to the underlying ECM
Which anchoring junction types attach cells to each other?
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Which anchoring junction types attach cells to the underlying extracellular matrix?
Hemidesmosomes
What is cadherin?
Club-headed end in between plasma membrane stemming from the anchoring protein plate
Velcro like
What are tethering filaments?
What are gap junctions?
“Tunnel” shaped protein through plasma membrane of adjacent cells that allows the passage of water/ions/small molecules between cells
The god damn spaceship and space shuttle thing Isaak kept doing
What is connexon?
Tubular protein composed of 6 proteins called connexin
What is the epithelium/epithelial tissue?
Tissue that covers surfaces
Forms a continuous layer that covers most body surfaces and cavities
What is epithelium/epithelial tissue classified by?
Cell shape and layering
What is are the types of epithelial tissue layering?
Simple epithelium
Stratified
Pseudostratified
What are the types of epithelial tissue cell shapes?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
What is the basal lamina?
What is the difference between stratified and pseudostratified layering?
Stratified — has layers; only the bottom layer is anchored to the basal lamina
Pseudo — only one cell layer, but it just kinda looks funny
What are squames?
Dead skin cells
Thank you evelyn and chelsea
What are connective tissues?
Connects, supports, and protects other tissues
What is the bulk of connective tissue composed of?
The ECM, not of cells
What is in the extracellular matrix?
Fibers, ground substance, interstitial fluid
What are the fibers?
Collagen and elastic fibers
What are ground substances?
“Background substances”
Thick and granular — liquid and gel like
What are interstitial fluids?
Blood, plasma, lymph fluid
What are the three types of cells in connective tissue?
Fibroblast (most common)
Adipose cells
Blood cells
What are macrophages?
Eats invading organism
What are mast cells?
“Fire alarm” cells
What are plasma cells?
Hm…
B and T
What is collagen?
The most common protein in the animal kingdom
What is the percentage of collagen in the body?
20-35% total mass of proteins in the body
What is the relationship between collagen and the ECM?
Collagen makes up most of the fibers in the ECM
What is a collagen filament?
Three-polypeptide chains wind around each other to create a super helix
Tough fiber, high tensile strength
What are the different ways collagen fibers organize?
Loose, flexible, spongy
Tight bundles, tough, resist stretching; tendons and ligaments
What are the two broad connective tissue groups?
Connective tissue proper
Specialized connective tissue
What is connective tissue proper?
Unspecialized
Loose connective
Dense connective
What is specialized connective tissue?
Adipose tissue
Blood
Bone
Cartilage
