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Biology 100 > Membrane Structure and Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Structure and Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the “fluid” in fluid mosaic?

A

Molecules are able to move around within the cell.

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2
Q

What is the “mosaic” in fluid mosaic?

A

There are many different proteins and cholesterols

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3
Q

What is the cell membrane commonly referred to as?

A

Fluid Mosaic

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4
Q

How many major functions do membrane proteins have?

A

6

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5
Q

How do membrane proteins maintain the cell’s shape?

A

Through the cytoskeleton and ECM

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6
Q

How do membrane proteins act as signaling molecules?

A

They chemically receive signals and activate other molecules

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7
Q

How do membrane proteins act as enzymes?

A

They are grouped as transport proteins that perform steps of the metabolic pathway

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8
Q

How do membrane proteins use cell-to-cell recognition?

A

They filter foreign objects VS your own cells

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9
Q

How do membrane proteins act as intercellular junctions?

A

They attach adjacent cells

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10
Q

How can membrane proteins transport things?

A

Allows substances to move around cells

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11
Q

What is Selective Permeability?

A

How some substances can cross the membrane easier than others

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12
Q

What is the term for some substances crossing the membrane easier than others?

A

Selective Permeability

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13
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Molecules spreading out over time (high concentration –> low concentration)

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14
Q

What is the term for molecules spreading out over time?

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

True or False? During diffusion, molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False? During diffusion, molecules move UP the concentration gradient.

A

False

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17
Q

What does it mean for something to be ‘Permeable’?

A

Allows substances to flow through it (has pores)

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18
Q

When substances can flow through an object, it is considered _______.

A

Permeable

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19
Q

What is the Concentration Gradient?

A

Something that determines how fast diffusion occurs

20
Q

A STEEPER Concentration Gradient means diffusion will occur _______.

A

Faster

21
Q

A LESS steep Concentration Gradient means diffusion will occur _______.

A

Slower

22
Q

What is Passive Transport?

A

No energy is needed for diffusion to occur

23
Q

What form of transport does NOT need energy for diffusion to occur?

A

Passive

24
Q

Gas Exchange is a type of which transport?

A

Passive

25
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane

26
Q

Which substance moves into the cell’s membrane during Osmosis?
Water or Solute?

A

Water

27
Q

True or False? If there is more solute in one area, WATER moves to create equilibrium.

A

True

28
Q

What is Tonicity?

A

Ability of the body to lose or gain water to keep a balance

29
Q

Define the term Isotonic

A

Solute : Water concentration is equal inside and outside the cell

30
Q

Define the term Hypotonic

A

Solute concentration is higher inside the cell than outside

31
Q

Define the term Hypertonic

A

Solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside

32
Q

When there is less water inside the cell than outside, it is _______.

A

Hypotonic

33
Q

When there is less water outside the cell than inside, it is_______.

A

Hypertonic

34
Q

When water moves into the cell and the cell bursts, this is called, _________.

A

Lyse

35
Q

Water moves from the _______ to the ______

A

Hypo to Hyper

36
Q

What is Facilitated DIffusion?

A

Water is moved through protein channels, which speeds up diffusion.

37
Q

Facilitated Diffusion is what type of diffusion?

A

Passive

38
Q

True or False? Facilitated Diffusion requires energy.

A

False

39
Q

What is Aquaporin?

A

A transport protein that allows cells to quickly transport water

40
Q

What type of transport protein causes cells to quickly transport water?

A

Aquaporin

41
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

Moving molecules from low concentration to high

42
Q

Active Transport moves molecules _____ the concentration gradient.

A

Up

43
Q

What are the 2 things Active Transport uses that Passive Transport does not?

A

ATP and a Protein Pump

44
Q

True or False? Active Transport requires energy

A

True

45
Q

What allows cells to keep their internal solute concentration different from their surroundings?

A

ATP

46
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

Larger particles being brought INTO the membrane

47
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Larger particles being brought OUT of the membrane

Biology 100 (9 decks)

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