Membrane Structure and Transport

Question 1

What is the “fluid” in fluid mosaic?

Answer 1

Molecules are able to move around within the cell.

Question 2

What is the “mosaic” in fluid mosaic?

Answer 2

There are many different proteins and cholesterols

Question 3

What is the cell membrane commonly referred to as?

Answer 3

Fluid Mosaic

Question 4

How many major functions do membrane proteins have?

Answer 4

6

Question 5

How do membrane proteins maintain the cell’s shape?

Answer 5

Through the cytoskeleton and ECM

Question 6

How do membrane proteins act as signaling molecules?

Answer 6

They chemically receive signals and activate other molecules

Question 7

How do membrane proteins act as enzymes?

Answer 7

They are grouped as transport proteins that perform steps of the metabolic pathway

Question 8

How do membrane proteins use cell-to-cell recognition?

Answer 8

They filter foreign objects VS your own cells

Question 9

How do membrane proteins act as intercellular junctions?

Answer 9

They attach adjacent cells

Question 10

How can membrane proteins transport things?

Answer 10

Allows substances to move around cells

Question 11

What is Selective Permeability?

Answer 11

How some substances can cross the membrane easier than others

Question 12

What is the term for some substances crossing the membrane easier than others?

Answer 12

Selective Permeability

Question 13

What is Diffusion?

Answer 13

Molecules spreading out over time (high concentration –> low concentration)

Question 14

What is the term for molecules spreading out over time?

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

True or False? During diffusion, molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False? During diffusion, molecules move UP the concentration gradient.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What does it mean for something to be ‘Permeable’?

Answer 17

Allows substances to flow through it (has pores)

Question 18

When substances can flow through an object, it is considered _______.

Answer 18

Permeable

Question 19

What is the Concentration Gradient?

Answer 19

Something that determines how fast diffusion occurs

Question 20

A STEEPER Concentration Gradient means diffusion will occur _______.

Answer 20

Faster

Question 21

A LESS steep Concentration Gradient means diffusion will occur _______.

Answer 21

Slower

Question 22

What is Passive Transport?

Answer 22

No energy is needed for diffusion to occur

Question 23

What form of transport does NOT need energy for diffusion to occur?

Answer 23

Passive

Question 24

Gas Exchange is a type of which transport?

Answer 24

Passive

Question 25

What is Osmosis?

Answer 25

Diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 26

Which substance moves into the cell's membrane during Osmosis? Water or Solute?

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

True or False? If there is more solute in one area, WATER moves to create equilibrium.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is Tonicity?

Answer 28

Ability of the body to lose or gain water to keep a balance

Question 29

Define the term Isotonic

Answer 29

Solute : Water concentration is equal inside and outside the cell

Question 30

Define the term Hypotonic

Answer 30

Solute concentration is higher inside the cell than outside

Question 31

Define the term Hypertonic

Answer 31

Solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside

Question 32

When there is less water inside the cell than outside, it is _______.

Answer 32

Hypotonic

Question 33

When there is less water outside the cell than inside, it is_______.

Answer 33

Hypertonic

Question 34

When water moves into the cell and the cell bursts, this is called, _________.

Answer 34

Lyse

Question 35

Water moves from the _______ to the ______

Answer 35

Hypo to Hyper

Question 36

What is Facilitated DIffusion?

Answer 36

Water is moved through protein channels, which speeds up diffusion.

Question 37

Facilitated Diffusion is what type of diffusion?

Answer 37

Passive

Question 38

True or False? Facilitated Diffusion requires energy.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What is Aquaporin?

Answer 39

A transport protein that allows cells to quickly transport water

Question 40

What type of transport protein causes cells to quickly transport water?

Answer 40

Aquaporin

Question 41

What is Active Transport?

Answer 41

Moving molecules from low concentration to high

Question 42

Active Transport moves molecules _____ the concentration gradient.

Answer 42

Up

Question 43

What are the 2 things Active Transport uses that Passive Transport does not?

Answer 43

ATP and a Protein Pump

Question 44

True or False? Active Transport requires energy

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What allows cells to keep their internal solute concentration different from their surroundings?

Answer 45

ATP

Question 46

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 46

Larger particles being brought INTO the membrane

Question 47

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 47

Larger particles being brought OUT of the membrane