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Biology 100 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Cellular Respiration do?

A

Releases energy that is stored in ATP from food molecules

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2
Q

What is the formula for Cellular Respiration?

A

C6H12O6 +6O2 ——>
6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

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3
Q

Breaking down ______ provides ATP by transferring _______

A

Glucose
Electrons

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4
Q

What are 2 ways that electrons go from Glucose to ATP?

A

Redox Reactions and Electron Transport Chain

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5
Q

What is a Redox Reaction?

A

Moving electrons between molecules

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6
Q

Redox Reactions involve what 2 reactions?

A

Oxidation and Reduction

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7
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Moving electrons through the steps of a chemical reaction

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8
Q

What does OIL stand for?

A

Oxidation Is Loss (of electron)

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9
Q

What does RIG stand for?

A

Reduction Is Gain (of electron)

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10
Q

A Hydrogen atom consists of a _______ and a _______

A

Hydrogen Ion
Electron

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11
Q

What is the symbol for a Hydrogen Ion?

A

H^+

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12
Q

What is the symbol for an electron?

A

e^-

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13
Q

FADH2, NAD+ and NADH are types of ________.

A

Electron Carriers

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14
Q

What are the stages of Cellular Respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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15
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecules broken down?

(For the entire cellular respiration process)

A

32-38

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16
Q

How many electrons does NADH carry?

A

2

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17
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur?

A

The cytoplasm

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18
Q

What does the word ‘Glycolysis’ actually mean?

A

Splitting of sugar

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19
Q

What does Glycolysis do?

A

Breaks down glucose to get pyruvate

20
Q

How many pyruvate molecules are produced as a result of Glycolysis?

A

2 for every glucose molecule

21
Q

True or False? During Glycolysis, 2NAD+ is reduced to 2NADH

A

True

22
Q

How many ATP molecules are gained through Glycolysis?

A

2

23
Q

Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur?

A

In the Mitochondria

24
Q

Before the Citric Acid Cycle, what breaks off from the 2 acetyl CoA?

A

Coenzyme A and 4CO2

25
Q

What “remainder” enters the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

2-C acetyl

26
Q

True or False? The Citric Acid Cycle has many steps, each with their own enzyme.

A

True

27
Q

For each initial glucose, what does the Citric Acid Cycle yield?

A

2 ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2

28
Q

In the ETC, when electrons are delivered to the proteins, what initially happens to them?

A

The electrons are passed off like a relay race and move through the ETC

29
Q

True or False? Having excess H+ is good.

A

False

30
Q

How is excess H+ reduced?

A

The H+ binds to the ATP synthase and turn its ‘motor’ so it can bind to the ADP and add a phosphate to create ATP

31
Q

What is ADP?

A

The substrate for ATP

32
Q

What is the waste product when binding to the ATP synthase?

A

H20 (oxygen + H+)

33
Q

How much ATP is produced through Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

~30 molecules

34
Q

What is the term for when H+ is reduced by binding to the ATP synthase?

A

Chemiosmosis

35
Q

What are the 2 things that occur during Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

ETC and Chemiosmosis

36
Q

True or False? Many toxins disrupt Chemiosmosis and the Mitochondria.

A

True

37
Q

Rotenone is found in ______

A

Insectiside

38
Q

Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide is produced by ______

A

Mites, found in almonds

39
Q

Oligomycin is found in ______

A

Antibiotics

40
Q

Which type of respiration uses oxygen: Aerobic or Anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

41
Q

True or False? Anaerobic Respiration needs oxygen to occur.

A

False

42
Q

How is cellular respiration related to photosynthesis?

A

Their inputs and outputs are inverses (one’s output is the other’s input, and vice versa)

43
Q

What are the inputs for Cellular Respiration?

A

Glucose and Oxygen

44
Q

What is the formula for Glucose?

A

C6H12O6

45
Q

What are the outputs of Cellular Respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Biology 100 (9 decks)

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